Anti-Human TIGIT (Clone 4E1.2) – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Clone 4E1.2 is a monoclonal antibody directed against human TIGIT and is commonly used in in vivo applications in mice to investigate tumor immunity, T and NK cell function, and general immunology. Its principal in vivo use is for blockade, depletion, or modulation of TIGIT signaling in preclinical models.

Key in vivo applications in mice include:

• Tumor immunity studies: Used to block TIGIT signaling on T cells and NK cells to evaluate its role in tumor immune evasion and to test novel cancer immunotherapies.
• Immunology research: Employed to dissect TIGIT’s function in immune checkpoint regulation, autoimmunity, infection, and tolerance.
• T and NK cell modulation: By interfering with TIGIT, researchers can assess functional changes in T cell and NK cell populations, particularly in the tumor microenvironment or during infections.

Technical considerations:

• The antibody is produced at low endotoxin levels (<1.0 EU/mg), which is required for safe in vivo administration.
• It is generally used in humanized mouse models or xenograft systems, as the clone is specific for human TIGIT and does not cross-react with endogenous mouse TIGIT.

In summary, clone 4E1.2 is primarily used for in vivo functional TIGIT blockade in mouse models to study immune checkpoint biology, primarily within the context of oncology and T/NK cell biology.

When using the 4E1.2 antibody (a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for human TIGIT) in immunological studies, literature and product technical notes indicate that it is commonly used in combination with other antibodies or proteins relevant to the study of immune checkpoint pathways and immune cell characterization.

Commonly used antibodies or proteins with 4E1.2 include:

• PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1) / PD-L1 antibody: Research and technical notes show that TIGIT blockade is often studied alongside PD-1/PD-L1 blockade due to their synergistic roles in immune checkpoint inhibition and tumor immunology.
• TIM-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3) antibody: Frequently co-targeted with TIGIT in blocking studies to further dissect checkpoint pathways and their cumulative effects on T cell exhaustion and tumor suppression.
• CD112R (also known as PVRIG) antibody: Another inhibitory receptor on T cells and NK cells; used together with TIGIT antibodies to study overlapping or distinct regulatory functions.
• CD96 (TACTILE) antibody: Like TIGIT, involved in regulating immune responses via binding to shared ligands like PVR; co-used for functional studies on T and NK cells.
• PVR (Poliovirus receptor, CD155): Not an antibody, but its recombinant protein or ligand fusion constructs (e.g., PVR-hFc) are added to binding/blocking assays to evaluate TIGIT-PVR interaction and how anti-TIGIT antibodies interfere with this binding.

Additional supporting reagents:

• Secondary antibodies: Since 4E1.2 is of mouse origin, anti-mouse secondary antibodies conjugated to detection enzymes (e.g., HRP, alkaline phosphatase) are routinely used for detection in flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and other assays.
• Other immune cell markers: In multi-color flow cytometry, CD4, CD8, CD56, CXCR5, and ICOS antibodies are frequently combined to delineate T and NK cell subsets where TIGIT’s function is under study.
• Regulatory and activation markers: Markers such as CD25, FOXP3, CD69, and others may be added to panel designs to enable deeper phenotyping of T cell activation states and regulatory T cell populations.

Key Combinations Table

The most authoritative sources (technical notes, reviews, and recent literature) consistently report that combinatoric checkpoint antibody panels (primarily TIGIT, PD-1/PD-L1, TIM-3, and sometimes CD112R, CD96) are standard in studies focused on T cell regulation, exhaustion, or cancer immunotherapy.

If you have a specific technique (e.g., flow cytometry vs. immunoblotting), the panel of commonly combined antibodies/releases may differ slightly, but the checkpoint combination above is standard in recent immunology literature.

The term "clone 4E1.2" most commonly refers to a monoclonal antibody targeting human TIGIT, a checkpoint immunoreceptor important in immunology and cancer biology. Key findings from the scientific literature that cite or utilize clone 4E1.2 are as follows:

• Specificity: Clone 4E1.2 is a mouse monoclonal antibody that specifically binds human TIGIT (WUCAM), an immunoglobulin superfamily receptor found on immune cells.

• Expression Patterns: TIGIT, as detected by 4E1.2, is expressed on activated CXCR5+CD4+ T cells in blood, variably on CD8+ T cells and CD56+CD3− NK cells, and constitutively in tonsillar CD3+CD8int T cells and the CXCR5high/ICOShigh CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cell subset.

• Functional Impact: Studies summarized by antibody suppliers and cited reviews indicate that TIGIT, the target of 4E1.2, inhibits T cell priming by dendritic cells, suppresses tumor cell killing by NK/cytotoxic T cells, and enhances regulatory T cell immunosuppressive function. 4E1.2 is thus used to investigate or modulate these immune pathways.

• Utility: 4E1.2 is commonly employed for:

  • Flow cytometry to phenotypically identify TIGIT-positive cells
  • Functional blockade or in vivo neutralization studies of TIGIT pathways.

• Research Significance: TIGIT is a critical immune checkpoint analogous to others such as PD-1/PD-L1; clone 4E1.2 enables research into tumor immune evasion mechanisms and immunotherapy strategies targeting the TIGIT axis.

No other meaning of "clone 4E1.2" was apparent in the provided search results; close but distinct clones (e.g., 4E1-7 or 4E1 in other antibody contexts) exist but are not related to TIGIT or the specific scientific applications of 4E1.2.

In summary, clone 4E1.2 is a central tool in TIGIT research, pivotal for dissecting immune regulation and advancing therapeutic checkpoint blockade efforts.

Dosing regimens for clone 4E1.2 (anti-human TIGIT) in mouse models are not precisely established in the literature, likely due to its species specificity and limited published in vivo use in mice. Most general antibody dosing guides for in vivo mouse studies recommend a regimen of 100–250 μg per mouse per injection for functional antibodies administered via intraperitoneal injection every 2–4 days, but detailed variation for clone 4E1.2 across mouse models is not described.

• The manufacturer states the dosing regimen of clone 4E1.2 in mice “cannot be precisely described” and suggests that dosing should be optimized specifically for each experiment, as factors like target expression, antibody affinity, mouse strain, and disease model may influence efficacy and tolerability.
• Protocols for similar immune checkpoint reagents (anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4) typically use 100–250 μg per mouse (intraperitoneally, every 2–4 days), which serves as an empiric benchmark for initial dosing trials when precise data are unavailable.

Important Considerations:

• Clone 4E1.2 is anti-human TIGIT; if the mouse model does not express humanized TIGIT, antibody efficacy and pharmacokinetics will differ from humanized or transgenic models.
• Dose optimization is essential: researchers should pilot doses within the 100–250 μg/mouse range and monitor for toxicity and pharmacodynamic effect.

In summary, there is no standardized dosing regimen for clone 4E1.2 across different mouse models; dosing requires experiment-specific optimization, guided by general checkpoint antibody dosing practices for initial trials.