Recombinant Mouse PIGF-2

Recombinant Mouse PIGF-2 (Placental Growth Factor-2) is used in research applications primarily to study and manipulate processes involving angiogenesis, vascular biology, inflammation, and tissue repair in mouse models. Its use is supported by evidence of its biological activity in promoting blood vessel formation, modulating immune responses, and influencing disease states such as preeclampsia, diabetes, and cancer.

Key reasons to use recombinant mouse PIGF-2 in research:

• Angiogenesis and Vascular Biology: PIGF-2 is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis, acting through the FLT1 (VEGFR1) receptor to promote new blood vessel formation, which is critical in studies of ischemia, wound healing, and tumor growth.
• Disease Modeling: Administration of recombinant PIGF-2 has been shown to ameliorate hypertension in mouse models of preeclampsia and to improve outcomes in diabetic and ischemic conditions by enhancing vascularization and reducing metabolic stress.
• Inflammation and Immune Modulation: PIGF-2 induces monocyte activation, migration, and cytokine production, making it valuable for studying inflammatory responses and immune cell recruitment in various disease models.
• Tissue Repair and Regeneration: Its role in promoting fibroblast activity and endothelial cell proliferation supports its use in models of wound healing, bone fracture repair, and tissue regeneration.
• Cancer Research: PIGF-2 is implicated in tumor angiogenesis and progression, and its levels often correlate with tumor aggressiveness, making it a target for both mechanistic studies and therapeutic intervention research.
• Neurobiology: PIGF-2 influences neuronal survival and differentiation, as well as antioxidant defense mechanisms, which are relevant in studies of neurodegenerative diseases and diabetic retinopathy.

Experimental applications include:

• In vivo studies of angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumor growth in mouse models.
• In vitro assays for endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation.
• Investigation of signaling pathways involving VEGFR1/FLT1 and downstream effectors.
• Evaluation of therapeutic strategies targeting PIGF-2 in cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases.

Summary: Use recombinant mouse PIGF-2 when your research requires a defined, reproducible tool to modulate angiogenesis, inflammation, or tissue repair in mouse systems, or to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes in health and disease.

You can use recombinant Mouse PIGF-2 as a standard for quantification or calibration in ELISA assays, provided it is of high purity, properly quantified, and compatible with your assay system. This is a common practice in ELISA development and commercial kits, where recombinant proteins are used to generate standard curves for quantification.

Key considerations and best practices:

• Purity and Quantification: The recombinant PIGF-2 protein should be highly pure and accurately quantified, as impurities or inaccurate concentration will compromise the standard curve and assay accuracy.
• Formulation: If your recombinant protein is supplied carrier-free (without BSA or other stabilizers), ensure it is reconstituted and stored according to manufacturer or protocol recommendations to maintain stability and activity.
• Assay Compatibility: Confirm that the antibodies used in your ELISA recognize both the recombinant and native forms of PIGF-2. Most commercial sandwich ELISAs are validated to detect both natural and recombinant proteins, but this should be verified for custom or in-house assays.
• Standard Curve Preparation: Prepare serial dilutions of the recombinant protein in the same matrix as your samples (e.g., serum, plasma, or buffer) to minimize matrix effects and ensure accurate interpolation.
• Validation: It is good practice to validate the performance of your recombinant standard by comparing its detection characteristics (e.g., linearity, parallelism) to those of endogenous PIGF-2 in biological samples.

Summary Table: Use of Recombinant Mouse PIGF-2 as ELISA Standard

In summary: Using recombinant Mouse PIGF-2 as a standard is scientifically valid and widely practiced, but you must ensure the protein is well-characterized and compatible with your specific ELISA system for accurate quantification.

Recombinant Mouse PIGF-2 (Placenta Growth Factor-2) has been validated for multiple applications in published research, including bioassays, in vivo studies, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA.

Key validated applications and contexts include:

• Bioassays:
  Used to study monocyte activation, migration, and cytokine production, as well as VEGF induction. These bioassays have been applied to investigate wound and bone fracture healing, inflammation in sickle cell disease, and atherosclerosis.
  Recombinant PIGF-2 has also been used in cell-based assays to analyze its effects on cell signaling, angiogenesis, and inflammatory responses.

• In Vivo Studies:
  Validated for use in mouse models to study angiogenesis, tumor progression, muscular dystrophy, and glaucoma filtration surgery. These studies often involve administration of recombinant PIGF-2 to assess its physiological and pathological roles, such as promoting vascularization or modulating disease phenotypes.

• Immunohistochemistry:
  Applied to tissue sections from mouse models to detect PIGF-2 expression and study its role in cancer cell biology, particularly in the context of FLT1 activation and PARP-inhibitor resistance in breast cancer.

• ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay):
  Recombinant Mouse PIGF-2 is used as a standard or analyte in ELISA kits designed to quantify PIGF-2 levels in mouse serum, plasma, or cell culture medium. This application is critical for measuring endogenous or exogenous PIGF-2 in experimental samples.

• Additional Applications:

  • Proteomics: Used in quantitative proteomic analyses to elucidate molecular mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy and other disease models.
  • Cell Lysate Analysis: Employed in studies investigating angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte growth via bioassays using cell lysates.
  • Whole Cell Assays: Used to study temporal expression of growth factors and their impact on inflammation and cell signaling.

Summary Table of Validated Applications

Notes:

• Most studies utilize recombinant Mouse PIGF-2 to probe its biological functions in vascular biology, inflammation, and disease models.
• The protein is validated for both in vitro and in vivo applications, supporting its use in mechanistic studies and translational research.

If you require protocols or specific experimental details for any application, please specify the context or assay type.

Reconstitution Guidelines

Recombinant Mouse PlGF-2 protein is supplied in lyophilized form and requires proper reconstitution before use in cell culture experiments. The standard reconstitution concentration is 100 µg/mL in sterile PBS. For formulations that include a carrier protein (BSA), reconstitute at 100 µg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Before reconstitution, centrifuge the vial to concentrate the lyophilized powder at the bottom of the tube. Most recombinant proteins can be reconstituted with sterile, distilled water, though alternative diluents may be specified in the product documentation. Some formulations may alternatively be reconstituted in 50 mM acetic acid or PBS/water solutions, depending on the specific product variant.

Storage and Stability

Prior to reconstitution: Store the lyophilized protein at –20°C.

After reconstitution: The reconstituted protein can be stored for approximately 1 month at 2–8°C under sterile conditions. For longer-term storage, maintain reconstituted samples at –20 to –70°C.

Important handling considerations:

• Use a manual defrost freezer for storage
• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as these can compromise protein integrity and activity
• Upon receipt of the shipped product, store immediately at the recommended temperature

Preparation for Cell Culture

When preparing the reconstituted protein for cell culture applications, ensure that the solution maintains appropriate sterility and osmolarity. If using the carrier protein-containing formulation, the BSA component provides stabilization during storage and use. For bioassay applications, verify that the reconstituted protein concentration and purity meet your experimental requirements before addition to cell cultures.