Mouse IgG₁ Isotype Control [Clone HKSP84] — Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Clone HKSP84 is used as a Mouse IgG1 isotype control antibody in in vivo mouse studies to serve as a negative control, enabling researchers to distinguish specific effects of a test antibody from non-specific or background responses.

HKSP84 is specifically designed so that:

• It does not bind mouse, human, rat, or non-human primate cells and demonstrates minimal cross-reactivity against selected species, making it ideal for use where background effects need to be controlled.
• The antibody is purified to high standards with very low endotoxin levels (typically <1 EU/mg or even <0.5 EU/mg for the ultra-pure versions), making it suitable and safe for sensitive in vivo experiments in mice.
• HKSP84 is generated against a hapten (trinitrophenol, TNP) conjugated to KLH or, as sometimes described, against hen egg lysozyme (HEL), both of which do not naturally occur in mice, so the antibody does not specifically interact with mouse tissues or proteins.

In vivo applications include:

• Being injected into mice alongside or instead of a test antibody to account for effects arising from the presence of a mouse IgG1 antibody rather than from antigen binding.
• Serving as a control in immunological assays such as flow cytometry, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry to verify that observed biological responses are due to the specific action of the therapeutic or experimental antibody and not due to general effects of antibody administration.

This rigorous use of HKSP84 ensures the reliability and interpretability of immunological data in mouse studies by controlling for background and non-specific responses. The antibody is formulated for stability, purity, and minimal endotoxin levels to avoid confounding immune activation or toxicity in experimental animals.

In the literature, HKSP84 is primarily used as a mouse IgG1 isotype control antibody. Commonly, it is paired with other primary antibodies—especially those raised in mouse—when researchers need to verify that observed effects are specific to their target and not due to nonspecific binding of mouse IgG1 antibodies. Isotype controls like HKSP84 are not typically paired with other specific proteins, but rather are used alongside a range of experimental antibodies in immunology, oncology, and cell biology studies.

When HKSP84 is used, typical associated reagents or proteins include:

• Primary antibodies of interest (e.g., against cell surface markers, cytokines, or other antigens in immunophenotyping or functional studies).
• Secondary antibodies that detect mouse IgG1, allowing for visualization or quantification in assays like flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, or ELISA.
• Loading control proteins (e.g., actin, tubulin, GAPDH, vinculin in Western blotting) when assessing protein expression levels and ensuring equal sample loading.
• Other isotype controls (e.g., mouse IgG2a, rat IgG1) when multiple antibody species and subclasses are being used to check for immunoglobulin-specific background signal.

For functional or multiplexed assays, researchers would typically combine HKSP84 with:

• Antibodies against cell markers (e.g., CD3, CD4, CD8 for T cells; CD11b, F4/80 for myeloid cells).
• Antibodies against signaling proteins, transcription factors, or cytokines (e.g., IFN-?, IFNAR1, TNF-?).
• Directly labeled antibodies (e.g., rhodamine, FITC, PE) for multiplexing in flow cytometry or fluorescent Western blot.

In summary, HKSP84 is used with:

• Specific mouse antibodies targeting proteins of interest
• Other isotype controls (e.g., IgG2a) for subclass specificity testing
• Secondary antibodies for detection
• Loading control antibodies for normalization
• Directly labeled antibodies for multiplex assays

These combinations enable rigorous experimental controls for specificity and background, central to most immunological and cell biological studies.

Clone HKSP84 is most commonly cited in the scientific literature as a mouse IgG1 isotype control antibody used for in vivo and immunological research applications, rather than for direct biological function or disease studies. There are no search results identifying clone HKSP84 itself in relation to specific experimental findings or disease associations.

Key findings and usage from scientific literature and product documentation:

• Intended Use: HKSP84 is designed as an isotype control for mouse IgG1 antibodies, primarily for ensuring specificity and controlling for background in immunological assays such as flow cytometry, in vivo studies, and similar applications.
• Functionality: Described as a functional grade, purified recombinant antibody that is tested for minimal cross-reactivity against selected species' cells and tissues, minimizing non-specific binding.
• Format and Handling:
  • Offered in highly purified forms (?95% monomer), low endotoxin levels, and is manufactured in animal-free facilities using in vitro cell culture techniques.
  • Suitable for both short- and long-term storage if handled as recommended for preclinical antibodies.

The available search results and product documentation consistently characterize HKSP84 as a negative control essential for validating experimental results and distinguishing true biological signal from isotype-related background. They do not report direct experimental or clinical findings about the clone itself.

No citations were found linking "clone HKSP84" to mechanistic findings, disease models, or significant scientific discoveries beyond its critical role in antibody validation and experimental control.

If you meant a different "clone HKSP84" in another biological or disease context, please clarify, as the above findings pertain specifically to the antibody isotype control widely used in immunological studies.

Published dosing regimens for clone HKSP84 specifically in mouse models are not found in publicly available sources as of June 2024, and no peer-reviewed data detail its dose range, interval, or application across different models such as syngeneic tumors, humanized mice, or autoimmunity contexts.

For context:

• Optimal dosing for checkpoint antibodies in mouse models (such as anti-PD-1 clones RMP1-14, 29F.1A12 and anti-PD-L1 10F.9G2) generally ranges from 100 to 500 ?g per mouse, given intraperitoneally every 3–4 days. These regimens are tailored according to antibody pharmacokinetics, model sensitivity, and the experimental endpoint.
• Dosing may vary based on factors such as mouse strain, disease model (e.g., tumor type, infection, autoimmunity), and desired immunological effect (e.g., T-cell activation, tumor regression).

If HKSP84 is functionally or structurally similar to well-known checkpoint antibodies (such as RMP1-14 or 10F.9G2), initial dosing regimens could plausibly follow the above standards: 100–500 ?g per mouse, intraperitoneally, every 3–4 days. However, precise regimens must be empirically determined for each mouse model due to differences in antibody clearance, target expression, and immunogenicity.

Regimen differences across models:

• In syngeneic tumor models (e.g., MC38, B16), checkpoint blockade antibodies are administered every 3–4 days, typically at the lower end of the dose range.
• In chronic infection or autoimmunity models, dosing frequency and amount may be adjusted to modulate immune activation without overt toxicity.

Note: Without direct evidence for HKSP84, these inferences are based on established protocols for analogous murine antibodies. If precise HKSP84 dosing information is required, consultation of unpublished experimental reports or contacting the supplier directly is recommended, as usage may be subject to restricted or proprietary data.

If additional details about HKSP84's mechanism or target become available, dosing optimization should also consider:

• Antibody isotype (affects half-life and effector function)
• Immunogenicity (risk of anti-drug antibody formation)
• Model-specific pharmacokinetics

In summary, dosing regimens for clone HKSP84 across mouse models remain unreported, but analogous murine antibodies follow standardized approaches ranging 100–500 ?g per mouse every 3–4 days, tailored to the experimental model and antibody characteristics.