Mouse IgG₁ Isotype Control [Clone HKSP84] — Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Clone HKSP84 is most commonly used in in vivo applications in mice as an IgG1 isotype control antibody, primarily serving as a negative control to distinguish nonspecific background effects from true signals in immunological assays and therapeutic antibody studies.

Key in vivo applications include:

• Negative control for antibody treatments: HKSP84 is not reactive to mouse, human, rat, or non-human primate cells, making it ideal for use alongside test antibodies to verify that observed effects are due to the intervention and not nonspecific binding or Fc receptor interactions.
• Validation of immunological assays: Used in methodologies such as flow cytometry, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry when these are performed in vivo, to ensure that signal specificity can be attributed to the investigational antibody, not isotype-related background.
• Standardization in preclinical studies: It is included in dosing regimens as a control antibody when testing the efficacy or safety of candidate monoclonal antibodies in disease models, such as cancer or immune modulation studies, allowing direct comparison to experimental antibodies.
• Assay control in immune cell depletion, blocking, or activation studies: Provides a baseline in experiments where other mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies are used to target specific immune cells or pathways.

Details relevant to in vivo use:

• HKSP84 is specifically formulated with very low endotoxin levels to prevent confounding immune activation from contaminants, critical for in vivo studies.
• Its isotype (mouse IgG1) matches the most prevalent subclass used in mouse monoclonal antibody research, enabling appropriate comparisons in immune function and pharmacokinetics.
• The antibody is generated against a hapten (such as TNP or KLH) not present in mouse tissue, ensuring minimal off-target reactivity in living animals.

In summary, clone HKSP84 is an industry-standard in vivo isotype control for mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody applications, indispensable for ensuring specificity, reliability, and interpretability in preclinical mouse immunological studies.

Antibodies and Proteins Commonly Used with HKSP84

Mouse IgG1 Isotype Control Clone HKSP84 (HKSP84) is widely used in immunological research as a negative control to determine the background staining or non-specific binding in experiments, especially when paired with primary or therapeutic antibodies. While the available literature does not provide specific studies or publications directly citing HKSP84, standard experimental practices and manufacturer guidance offer insight into typical applications and pairings.

Typical Pairings in Immunological Assays

• Antibodies Against Cell Markers: HKSP84 is commonly used alongside primary antibodies specific for cell surface markers, such as CD3, CD4, and CD8 for T cell studies, and CD11b or F4/80 for myeloid cell analyses. These pairings allow researchers to distinguish true positive signals from background staining.
• Antibodies Against Signaling Proteins, Transcription Factors, and Cytokines: Experiments often include HKSP84 in combination with antibodies targeting intracellular proteins like IFN-γ, IFNAR1, or TNF-α, particularly in flow cytometry or intracellular staining protocols.
• Multiplexed Assays: In functional or multiplexed assays (e.g., cytokine profiling, phospho-flow), HKSP84 helps control for non-specific binding when multiple antibodies are used simultaneously.
• In Vivo Studies: For in vivo mouse studies, HKSP84 serves as a negative control to assess the specificity of therapeutic or experimental antibodies, especially in the context of minimal cross-reactivity requirements.

Broader Context: Isotype Controls in Immunology

• Secondary Antibodies: Although not specific to HKSP84, secondary antibodies (e.g., goat anti-mouse IgG) conjugated to enzymes (HRP, alkaline phosphatase) or fluorophores (Alexa Fluor, etc.) are routinely used to detect the binding of primary antibodies, including isotype controls like HKSP84. The choice of secondary antibody depends on the detection method (e.g., ELISA, Western blot, flow cytometry).
• Cytokines and Signaling Molecules: In cytokine release assays or studies of immune activation, proteins like IFN-γ, TNF-α, or IL-2 might be measured in supernatant or intracellularly, with HKSP84 used to set the baseline for non-specific binding.
• Control Antibodies in Immunotherapy Research: Studies of immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4) often use isotype controls of the same subclass (like mouse IgG1) to validate the specificity of therapeutic effects and immune cell profiling. While HKSP84 is not specifically cited in these studies, it belongs to the same class of control reagents.

Experimental Workflow

Summary

While there are no high-profile, peer-reviewed studies in the current search results that specifically detail the use of HKSP84 with particular proteins or antibodies, standard immunological practice indicates that HKSP84 is routinely paired with antibodies against common immune cell markers, intracellular signaling molecules, and cytokines in both in vitro and in vivo settings. It is also used alongside secondary antibodies for detection and in multiplexed assay formats. For precise experimental protocols, consulting the antibody manufacturer’s recommendations and relevant literature is advised.

Based on the available information, clone HKSP84 lacks substantial direct citations in the scientific literature despite being a commercially available research reagent. The search results indicate that HKSP84 is a mouse IgG1 isotype control antibody, but do not provide specific published studies, experimental findings, or key scientific discoveries directly attributable to this clone.

Characteristics of Clone HKSP84

Clone HKSP84 is an anti-Hen Egg Lysozyme (HEL) antibody that serves as a mouse IgG1 isotype control. The immunogen used to generate this antibody is Trinitrophenol conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (TNP-KLH), where TNP is a hapten not naturally expressed on human, mouse, rat, or non-human primate cells. This design ensures minimal cross-reactivity with experimental subjects, making it suitable as a negative control in immunological studies.

The antibody has been tested against selected species' cells and tissues to verify minimal cross-reactivity. It is manufactured in animal-free facilities using in vitro cell culture techniques and purified through multi-step affinity chromatography with Protein A or G to achieve extremely low endotoxin levels, typically less than 1.0 EU/mg in standard formulations.

Application as an Isotype Control

While specific research findings using HKSP84 are not documented in the search results, isotype controls like this serve a critical role in experimental design. They are used as negative controls to determine the specificity of primary antibodies in techniques such as ELISA, flow cytometry, and in vivo studies. The lack of published literature specifically citing HKSP84 suggests it functions primarily as a standardized control reagent rather than as an investigative tool that generates novel scientific findings.

For researchers seeking specific experimental protocols or dosing regimens for HKSP84, consultation of original literature or direct contact with manufacturers would be necessary, as this information is not available in the current search results.

There is no direct, peer-reviewed information specifying dosing regimens of clone HKSP84 across different mouse models in the available search results. Most data concern the general applications of clone HKSP84 as a mouse IgG1 isotype control antibody, commonly used to measure background effects in immunological assays and in vivo experiments.

Essential context and details:

• HKSP84 isotype control antibodies are formulated for in vivo use, with low endotoxin and high purity to avoid interfering with immunological readouts.
• Dosing regimens for HKSP84 are not standardized and are not explicitly detailed for specific mouse strains, disease models, or experimental conditions in the published literature or product specifications. Recommendations, if offered, usually advise matching the isotype control dose to that of the experimental (test) antibody, as per standard immunological practice.

Key considerations for dosing variation:

• Factors influencing dosing:
  • Mouse strain (e.g., immunocompetent vs. immunodeficient)
  • Disease/experimental model (tumor, infection, autoimmune, etc.)
  • Route of administration (intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous)
  • Desired immunological readout or effect.
• General dosing range for in vivo IgG antibodies (not HKSP84 specific, but typical for isotype controls and functional antibodies):
  • Most in vivo studies with mouse IgG1 antibodies, including isotype controls, use doses between 1–10 mg/kg administered 1-3 times per week. Regimens may be adjusted based on:
    • The half-life of the antibody
    • Severity of disease model
    • Duration and frequency of study.

If using HKSP84 in a new model:

• Consult the protocol of your experimental (test) antibody; match the dosing schedule as closely as possible for valid control comparisons.
• Adjust dosage for differences in mouse size, immune status, or unexpected effects per your institution’s animal use guidelines and pilot experiments.

Summary table (based on current best practices for murine IgG1 isotype controls):

Conclusion:
Published sources do not provide specific, model-by-model HKSP84 dosing instructions. Use the same dosing regimen as your experimental antibody, adapting only for experimentally justified reasons, and validate in pilot studies. For authoritative, model-specific data, consult original research using HKSP84 in contexts closest to your mouse model or reach out to antibody suppliers' technical support.