Mouse IgG₁ Isotype Control [Clone HKSP] — Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Use of Clone HKSP in In Vivo Mouse Studies

Clone HKSP is a mouse IgG1 isotype control antibody. Its primary function in mouse in vivo experiments is as a negative control—specifically, it is used to distinguish specific effects of a test antibody from non-specific effects related to antibody isotype, Fc receptor binding, or other background interactions.

How It Is Used

• Negative Control: HKSP is administered to mice under the same conditions as the primary experimental antibody, but it lacks specific antigen recognition. This helps researchers confirm that observed effects are due to the specific binding of the experimental antibody and not due to general antibody characteristics.
• Background Assessment: By comparing the effects of the experimental antibody to those of HKSP, researchers can assess and correct for non-specific effects such as inflammation, immune activation, or toxicity unrelated to target binding.
• Low Endotoxin: Commercial preparations of HKSP are manufactured to have very low endotoxin levels (often below 1 EU/mg), which is critical for in vivo work to avoid confounding immune responses.
• Affinity Purified: The antibody is affinity purified (e.g., via Protein A/G chromatography) to minimize impurities that could affect experimental outcomes.

Typical Applications

• Immunotherapy Studies: HKSP is often used in studies of antibody-based therapies to demonstrate that observed immune effects are not simply due to the presence of an IgG1 antibody.
• Cell Depletion Experiments: In antibody-driven cell depletion studies, HKSP serves as a control for non-specific cell loss or activation.
• Pharmacodynamics/Pharmacokinetics: When tracking antibody distribution, clearance, or organ uptake, HKSP provides a baseline for comparison, helping to distinguish specific from non-specific biodistribution.

Summary Table

Key Point

HKSP is not a therapeutic antibody and does not target mouse tissue; rather, it is a rigorously quality-controlled reagent used to validate the specificity of experimental antibody treatments in mice. Its use is standard in preclinical in vivo antibody studies to ensure robust and interpretable results.

Other commonly used antibodies or proteins in the literature with HKSP (most likely referring to human kinesin spindle protein, also known as Eg5/KIF11/KSP) include antibodies targeting HER2 and c-KIT, which are often used in antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) where a KSP inhibitor is the payload. Additionally, several studies utilize antibodies against various heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp65, Hsp90) in contexts related to cellular stress and disease.

Commonly paired antibodies/proteins with HKSP/KSP in the literature:

• HER2 Antibody: Frequently used in ADCs that deliver KSP inhibitors specifically to HER2-expressing cancer cells.
• c-KIT Antibody: Also used in ADCs with KSP inhibitor payloads, targeting c-KIT-expressing cells for selective cancer therapy.
• Heat Shock Protein Antibodies (Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp65, Hsp90): These are widely measured in various disease states, often alongside other stress proteins to investigate immune responses or disease biomarkers.

Other Antibody and Protein Contexts:

• Antibodies against distinct isoforms or mutants of KSP/Eg5, such as those targeting resistance-associated mutations (e.g., A133D, D130V).
• Use of engineered antibodies to target KSP for biomarker detection, imaging, or therapeutic delivery.

Summary Table

If you have a specific context for "HKSP" beyond KSP/Eg5 or require details for particular experimental techniques (e.g., Western blot, immunofluorescence), please specify, as the predominant pairing in pharmaceutical and translational research involves antibodies to HER2 and c-KIT for ADCs, and heat shock proteins for broader immunological research.

Key findings from citations involving clones (HKSP) in scientific literature focus on several major areas, notably detection of clonal structures in cancer, implications for scientific publishing, and the biological and clinical impact of clone size in disease contexts.

• Cancer Research and Clonal Structure:

  • Advanced computational methods, such as XClone, enable robust detection of allele-specific copy number alterations (CNAs) from single-cell transcriptomic data, revealing complex clonal architecture and helping identify subclonal variants responsible for disease phenotypes.
  • XClone revealed distinct subclonal populations, identifying differences in allele loss, copy number gains, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) across several chromosomes, which improved the resolution of clonality over previous methods and matched whole-genome sequencing findings.
  • Clone-specific CNAs, such as gains and losses on specific chromosomal arms, were detected, offering deeper insights into the genetic diversity within tumors.

• Cloned Journals and Citation Practices:

  • The rise of cloned journals (which mirror the appearance of reputable journals but lack academic rigor) has led to an explosion in published articles, with authors primarily motivated by low-cost open access and academic credit.
  • Despite high awareness of the negative consequences—such as the spread of incorrect conclusions and the risk of motivating future poor publication practices—authors persist in submitting to cloned journals for academic advancement.
  • University Grants Commission (India) has identified and listed several such cloned journals, warning of their detrimental impact on scientific credibility.

• Clone Size in Disease Prognosis:

  • In cardiovascular research, small clonal hematopoiesis (CH) clones—well below previously defined thresholds—have strong prognostic significance for adverse outcomes such as cardiac death and all-cause mortality in heart failure and cardiomyopathy.
  • The association between clone size and prognosis has only recently been clarified with ultra-deep sequencing technology, revealing that even minuscule clones carry substantial risk, possibly by exerting “bystander effects” on neighboring wild-type cells.
  • These findings raise new questions about the mechanisms by which small clones influence disease and highlight the need for further experimental and mechanistic studies.

Summary Table: Key Findings from Clone-Related Citations

These findings underscore how cloning—both in biological and publishing contexts—significantly impacts research credibility, clinical interpretation, and disease management.

There is no standardized dosing regimen for clone HKSP across mouse models in the available literature or dosing guides, and its usage may vary depending on the specific experimental design, mouse strain, and immune function targeted. Most published antibody dosing regimens—including those for immunomodulatory and depleting antibodies—recommend doses in the 100–500 ?g per mouse range with intraperitoneal injection being common, typically administered every 2–4 days. However, clone HKSP is not specifically mentioned in major antibody dosing guides or referenced in protocols for clonal hematopoiesis or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation models.

Essential context and supporting details:

• Antibody dosing practices in mice can vary widely based on experimental goals, the strain used (e.g., NOD/SCID, NSG, MISTRG), injection route, and disease model.
• For other antibodies (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4), consistent regimens involve ~100–250 ?g per mouse every 2–4 days via intraperitoneal injection, especially in tumor or hematopoiesis research.
• Clone HKSP is not listed among established immune cell depleting or checkpoint blockade antibodies in the referenced guide. No standard application protocol for clone HKSP was identified in mouse hematopoiesis or gene therapy model publications.

Additional relevant information:

• Dosing should be optimized for:
  • Mouse strain (genetically immunodeficient models may require different doses than wild-type).
  • Route of administration (intraperitoneal is most common; intravenous or intratumoral may be used for other clones).
  • Frequency based on antibody clearance and experimental endpoints.
• Lack of standardization across labs for less commonly used antibodies means pilot titration and literature survey are essential prior to new studies.

If clone HKSP refers to an antibody not widely published or commercially available, recommended dosing would typically begin with protocols for similar antibodies, adjusted empirically for the specific model and research objective. For precise optimization, consult the supplier’s technical/data sheets and primary research articles for closely related clones or targets.