Mouse IgM Isotype Control – Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

The Nan clone (Nan mutant mouse) is primarily used in vivo as a genetic model to study severe hemolytic anemia and the molecular mechanisms underlying red blood cell disorders, especially hereditary spherocytosis (HS), as well as to investigate hematopoiesis and iron metabolism in mice.

In detail:

• Genetic Basis: The Nan mutation is an ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced point mutation (E339D) in the Klf1 gene, which encodes the erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF), a critical transcription factor for red blood cell development. This mutation affects DNA recognition by EKLF and leads to abnormal genetic readout in erythroid cells.
• In Vivo Phenotypes:
  • Nan/Nan homozygotes die at embryonic day E10–11 due to severe lack of hematopoiesis, serving as an in vivo model for early embryonic lethality caused by defective blood cell formation.
  • Nan/+ heterozygotes survive but exhibit life-long, severe hemolytic anemia with features similar to human hereditary spherocytosis, such as increased osmotic fragility of red blood cells, splenomegaly, and iron accumulation in organs (kidney, liver, spleen).
• Experimental Use:
  • Researchers use Nan mice to study the downstream effects of the Klf1 mutation on erythropoiesis, membrane skeleton protein interactions, and iron metabolism in vivo.
  • Nan mutation can be transferred through hematopoietic stem cells, allowing for bone marrow transplantation experiments to dissect cell-autonomous versus microenvironmental contributions.
  • The Nan mouse provides insight into how discrete transcription factor mutations can result in specific blood cell pathologies that differ mechanistically from other models (e.g., membrane skeleton gene knockouts).

In summary, Nan mutant mice are used in vivo as a specialized model to dissect genetic, developmental, and cellular mechanisms of hemolytic anemia and related erythroid disorders, particularly those governed by the transcription factor EKLF.

The correct storage temperature for most sterile packaged biological samples, including lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations, is ?20°C for short-term storage, as this maintains both physical and functional integrity for at least 30 days. For longer-term or highly sensitive samples, ?80°C or lower may be recommended, as colder temperatures further minimize the risk of degradation.

Essential context:

• Refrigerated storage (2°C to 5°C) is only suitable for very short-term holding after thawing, as biological assays and reagents may degrade more quickly at these temperatures.
• Room temperature storage (15°C to 27°C) is typically not recommended for molecular samples, especially RNA, because rapid degradation occurs, and biological integrity will be compromised except in chemically fixed materials.
• Ultra-low (?80°C) or cryogenic (?150°C to ?190°C) storage is ideal for long-term preservation of biological samples, especially when maximal stability is required.

Additional information:

• Always consult the manufacturer’s specific recommendations for your product, as optimal conditions may vary depending on the material, buffer/suspension solution, and intended use.
• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as these degrade sample integrity more rapidly than prolonged cold storage.

If "clone nan" refers to a specific laboratory reagent, biological clone, or nanomaterial, and it is a sterile packaged product, the above guidelines for biological material storage generally apply unless otherwise stated by the manufacturer.

Some of the most commonly used antibodies or proteins in combination with nanomaterials (e.g., for nanotechnology, nanomedicine, or immunological applications) include:

• Immunoglobulins (Antibodies): Researchers frequently use a diverse array of antibodies, exploiting their high antigen specificity. For example, antibodies recognizing disease biomarkers or therapeutic targets (such as HER2/neu in cancer) can be attached to nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery, imaging, or biosensing.

• Trastuzumab: A monoclonal antibody targeting the HER2 receptor is widely used in conjunction with nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy, especially in breast cancer research.

• Streptavidin: A bacterial protein with high affinity for biotin, it is often used to create strong, specific links between biotinylated antibodies or proteins and nanoparticles. This enables flexible design of nanostructures for diagnostics or targeted drug delivery.

• Albumin: As a biocompatible protein, albumin (sometimes engineered or loaded with drugs) can be combined with nanomaterials and antibodies to enhance delivery or target specific tissues.

• Cytokines: Proteins such as GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-15, or FLT3 ligand (FLT3L) can be co-delivered with nanoparticles to modulate and direct immune responses, often acting synergistically with antibodies or antigens associated with the nanomaterial.

• Antigens and immune ligands: These include tumor-associated or pathogen-specific peptides/proteins, or immune-modulating ligands like CD40L, GITR (TNFRSF18), or various pattern-recognition receptor ligands (e.g., TLR agonists) to boost immune responses.

• NaN (Nav1.9/Sodium channel alpha subunit 11): This specific protein/antigen is sometimes detected or targeted using anti-NaN antibodies, particularly in neurological or pain research, and may occasionally be associated with nanotechnological tools or diagnostics.

Key additional context:

• The choice of antibody or protein depends heavily on the target application (e.g., cancer, infection, autoimmune disease, biosensing).
• Antibody-nanoparticle conjugates are widely explored for their ability to target cells with high specificity, deliver drugs, or serve as contrast agents.
• Other proteins, such as enzymes, cell-penetrating peptides, or natural ligands, are also sometimes used together with nanoparticles for functional or targeting purposes, but antibodies and the listed proteins above are among the most recurrent in published literature.

If you have a specific application or field in mind, I can provide more tailored details on antibody or protein usage with nanomaterials in that context.

Key findings from "clone nan" citations in scientific literature reveal several distinct areas depending on context: novel sodium (Na) channel research, biomedical research involving the scientist Hongmei Nan, and concerns about clone journals (fraudulent scientific publications).

1. Findings on NaN (Novel Sodium Channel):

• Identification: The NaN channel is a newly identified, voltage-gated sodium channel, distinct from previously characterized types.
• Biophysical Properties: NaN is predicted to be resistant to tetrodotoxin (TTX-R), indicating altered voltage-dependent properties compared to SNS/PN3 channels.
• Expression Pattern: NaN is preferentially expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia neurons—especially in C type DRG neurons, which are typically associated with pain transmission.
• Regulation after Injury: NaN transcripts are down-regulated in DRG neurons following axonal injury (e.g., sciatic nerve transection), suggesting a role in neuronal response to damage.
• Evolutionary Relationship: NaN shows intermediate structural features between two main sodium channel subfamilies, possibly representing a third, ancestral-like subfamily, or an evolutionary bridge.

2. Findings Attributed to Hongmei Nan's Research:

• mtDNA Copy Number: Dr. Nan established leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) as a biomarker for oxidative stress and has found it inversely associated with body weight and BMI.
• Broader Outcomes: Her work links mtDNAcn with lifestyle factors (diet, air pollution, smoking), social stress, cancer risk, and survival, with findings validated both epidemiologically and through cell-based experiments.
• Research Impact: These studies highlight mtDNAcn as a potential translational biomarker for public health and clinical practice.

3. Concerns About Clone Journals (Fraudulent Scientific Publications):

• Threat to Integrity: "Clone journals" are fraudulent copies of reputable publications, undermining the peer review process and potentially allowing unreviewed, unreliable research to influence clinical practice and policy.
• Author Ownership Risks: Researchers publishing in clone journals often lose control over their work and cannot retract or resubmit it to legitimate journals.
• Scope of Problem: Many well-known medical journals have experienced fraudulent cloning, affecting thousands of publications and threatening the scientific record.

Summary Table:

If you intended "clone nan" as a term related to a specific experimental technique, therapeutic agent, or molecule, there is no direct evidence of such a citation in major scientific databases—these results reflect the most relevant, commonly cited interpretations.