Rat IgG_2a Isotype Control [Clone 1-1] — Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

The term clone 1-1 is ambiguous in the context of in vivo mouse studies, as search results do not directly reference a "clone 1-1" antibody or cell line. If you are referring to a specific monoclonal antibody clone (similar to anti-PD-1 clone 4C11 cited in ), or a cell lineage tracing approach (such as clonal labeling/barcoding), the use in in vivo mouse studies will depend on the nature of the clone.

If referring to monoclonal antibodies:

• In vivo mouse studies often use monoclonal antibody clones to block, activate, or deplete target receptors or cell types. For example, the 4C11 clone (anti-mouse PD-1) is a fully murine antibody used in syngeneic mouse tumor models to modulate immune checkpoint signaling. It improves tumor regression and reduces immunogenicity compared to non-murine clones.

If referring to cell lineage tracing/barcoding:

• "Clone" may also relate to individual cell lineages labeled for fate mapping. Clonal analyses in the mouse brain utilize approaches like in utero lentiviral microinjection with unique barcodes or fluorescent labeling vectors, enabling tracking of progenitor cell fate and tissue distribution. These studies identify developmental pathways, migration, and clonal expansion by labeling cells and analyzing progeny after development.

Summary Table: Use of “Clone” in Mouse In Vivo Studies

If you provide the full name, catalog number, or refer to a known monoclonal antibody, a more precise mechanism and experimental protocol can be outlined. Otherwise, both cell lineage tracing and antibody intervention studies use “clones” in in vivo settings to investigate immune, developmental, or regenerative processes in mice.

Commonly Used Antibodies and Proteins Paired with 1-1 in the Literature

While your query specifically mentions "1-1," the search results do not clarify whether this refers to a particular antibody clone, protein, cell line, or another molecular entity. Therefore, a general overview is provided based on the contexts in which antibodies and proteins are most commonly used together in scientific literature.

Typical Antibody-Protein Combinations in Research

• Primary and Secondary Antibodies: In techniques like immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA, a primary antibody (specific to the target protein, such as anti-beta actin or anti-GFP) is often paired with a secondary antibody (e.g., anti-mouse IgG or anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to a reporter enzyme or fluorophore) to detect the target protein.
• Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies: Monoclonal antibodies (targeting a single epitope) and polyclonal antibodies (recognizing multiple epitopes on the same antigen) are frequently used, depending on the required specificity and application.
• Isotype Controls: Negative controls often use antibodies of the same species and isotype as the primary antibody but with no specificity for the target protein (e.g., mouse IgG1 as a control for a mouse IgG1 primary antibody).
• Therapeutic Antibody Combinations: In clinical and therapeutic settings, antibodies against immune checkpoints (e.g., anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4) or cytokines (e.g., anti-TNF?) are sometimes used in combination to enhance immune response or treat autoimmune diseases.
• Research Antibodies: Commonly used research antibodies include anti-actin, anti-tubulin, anti-GAPDH (as loading controls), and various cytokine or signaling protein antibodies (e.g., anti-phospho-ERK, anti-p53).

Commonly Used Proteins in Antibody-Based Assays

• Enzymes: Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) are standard enzymes conjugated to secondary antibodies for signal detection.
• Fluorescent Proteins: GFP (green fluorescent protein), RFP (red fluorescent protein), and their variants are often co-expressed or detected in cell biology experiments.
• Blocking Proteins: Bovine serum albumin (BSA), non-fat dry milk, or casein are used to block non-specific antibody binding in immunoassays.
• Fusion Proteins: Tags like His-tag, FLAG-tag, or HA-tag are used for protein purification and detection, and their corresponding antibodies (anti-His, anti-FLAG, anti-HA) are standard reagents.
• Therapeutic Proteins: In clinical contexts, proteins like cytokines (IFN-?, IL-2), growth factors (EGF, VEGF), and hormones are often the targets of therapeutic antibodies.

Example Table: Common Antibody-Protein Pairs in Research

Important Considerations

• The choice of antibody or protein depends on the experimental goal—whether for detection, quantification, localization, or functional studies.
• Secondary antibodies are almost always used in conjunction with primary antibodies for signal amplification and detection.
• Fusion tags and their corresponding antibodies are especially common in protein expression and purification workflows.

If "1-1" refers to a specific molecule (e.g., a monoclonal antibody clone, a cell line, or a recombinant protein), please clarify for a more targeted answer.

The search results do not seem to provide specific details about "clone 1-1 citations" in the scientific literature. However, they discuss various aspects related to cloning, such as clone journals and clone pair datasets. Based on the provided information, here are some key findings related to cloning in scientific contexts:

Clone Journals

• Threat to Publishing Integrity: Clone journals pose a significant threat to the integrity of scientific publishing by creating mirror images of reputable journals, potentially leading to the publication of unreviewed manuscripts. These journals may cause authors to lose ownership over their submissions and compromise the validity of research findings.
• Awareness and Consequences: Despite authors being aware of the consequences of publishing in clone journals, many still proceed due to factors like open access at a low cost, which can have serious implications for scientific progress.

Synthetic Clone Pairs

• Dataset Generation: Research into generating synthetic clone pair datasets often involves techniques like grammatical evolution (GE) and large language models (LLMs). The literature review highlights the challenges in finding directly relevant studies for this specific area.

These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate forms of cloning in scientific contexts. Clone journals affect the credibility of scientific research, while synthetic clone pairs are used in software engineering and other technical fields for dataset generation.

If you are referring to a specific study or article related to "clone 1-1 citations," additional context or a different query might be needed to provide more precise information.

Dosing regimens for clone 1-1 (presumed to refer to anti-PD-1 antibodies used in mouse models) typically range from 100–500??g per mouse per injection, administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) every 3–4 days, but can vary based on the specific mouse model, disease context, and experimental objectives.

Key details on dosing regimens across models:

• Syngeneic Tumor Models (e.g., MC38, B16 Melanoma, 4T1):

  • Standard dose: 200–500??g per mouse per injection
  • Preferred route: Intraperitoneal (i.p.)
  • Schedule: Every 3–4 days; typical study uses 3 doses at 3-day intervals.
  • Example: In MC38 and B16 melanoma models, 200??g per dose is commonly used.

• Other Tumor Models:

  • TC-1 tumor-bearing mice: anti-PD-1 was administered intravenously (i.v.) at 200??g/mouse every 72 hours.
  • 4T1 Orthotopic Mammary Tumor: Repeated (>5–6) i.p. injections of a xenogeneic clone (hamster J43) can induce fatal hypersensitivity, whereas a species-matched mouse antibody (MuDX400) showed safe and effective long-term use, emphasizing the importance of antibody origin.

• General guidelines:

  • Dose adjustments may be made according to tumor size, immune response, and strain susceptibility.
  • Intraperitoneal injection is most common, but intravenous has been used in pharmacokinetic studies.

Model-Specific Considerations:

• Models with heightened inflammatory environments (e.g., 4T1) may be more susceptible to hypersensitivity reactions if xenogeneic antibodies are used, underscoring the need for species-compatible reagents for long-term studies.
• Dosing schedules (number of injections, intervals) are typically stricter in models studying pharmacokinetics, toxicity, or long-term efficacy.

Summary Table: Dosing Regimens in Mouse Models

For clone 1-1, if you are referencing a specific anti-PD-1 or PD-L1 clone not detailed in the search results, consult product datasheets or peer-reviewed protocols for confirmation, as regimens may differ slightly by isotype or clone. Always adjust dosing considering model context, immune status, and desired pharmacokinetics.