Anti-Human CD49D (Integrin alpha 4) (Natalizumab) [Hu114]
Anti-Human CD49D (Integrin alpha 4) (Natalizumab) [Hu114]
Product No.: LT1100
Product No.LT1100 Clone Hu114 Target CD49D Product Type Biosimilar Recombinant Human Monoclonal Antibody Alternate Names CD49D; alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor; ITGA4; Integrin alpha-IV Isotype Human IgG4κ Applications B , FC |
Antibody DetailsProduct DetailsReactive Species Human Host Species Human Expression Host HEK-293 Cells FC Effector Activity Active Immunogen RAMOS cell line injected into mice. Product Concentration ≥ 5.0 mg/ml Endotoxin Level < 1.0 EU/mg as determined by the LAL method Purity ≥95% by SDS Page ⋅ ≥95% monomer by analytical SEC Formulation This biosimilar antibody is aseptically packaged and formulated in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (150 mM NaCl) PBS pH 7.2 - 7.4 with no carrier protein, potassium, calcium or preservatives added. Due to inherent biochemical properties of antibodies, certain products may be prone to precipitation over time. Precipitation may be removed by aseptic centrifugation and/or filtration. Product Preparation Recombinant biosimilar antibodies are manufactured in an animal free facility using only in vitro protein free cell culture techniques and are purified by a multi-step process including the use of protein A or G to assure extremely low levels of endotoxins, leachable protein A or aggregates. Pathogen Testing To protect mouse colonies from infection by pathogens and to assure that experimental preclinical data is not affected by such pathogens, all of Leinco’s recombinant biosimilar antibodies are tested and guaranteed to be negative for all pathogens in the IDEXX IMPACT I Mouse Profile. Storage and Handling Functional grade preclinical antibodies may be stored sterile as received at 2-8°C for up to one month. For longer term storage, aseptically aliquot in working volumes without diluting and store at ≤ -70°C. Avoid Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles. Regulatory Status Research Use Only (RUO). Non-Therapeutic. Country of Origin USA Shipping 2-8°C Wet Ice RRIDAB_2893887 Applications and Recommended Usage? Quality Tested by Leinco FC The suggested concentration for Natalizumab biosimilar antibody for staining cells in flow cytometry is ≤ 0.25 μg per 106 cells in a volume of 100 μl. Titration of the reagent is recommended for optimal performance for each application. Additional Applications Reported In Literature ? B Each investigator should determine their own optimal working dilution for specific applications. See directions on lot specific datasheets, as information may periodically change. DescriptionDescriptionSpecificity This non-therapeutic biosimilar antibody uses the same variable region sequence as the therapeutic antibody Natalizumab. Natalizumab binds to the alpha 4 subunit of α4β1 and α4β7 integrins. This product is for research use only. Background Natalizumab is characterized as a disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis (a disease of the central nervous system (CNS)), and inflammatory bowel disease. It works by inhibiting the migration of leukocytes to inflammation sites. The VCAM-1 and α4β1-integrin interaction is necessary for leukocyte adhesion, firm attachment, and transmigration across the blood-brain barrier into the CNS. Natalizumab, a recombinant, humanized antibody, binds to α4β1 -integrin and blocks its interaction with VCAM-1. Hence, leukocyte migration into brain tissue is inhibited, thereby reducing inflammation and preventing the formation of multiple sclerosis lesions.1 Inflammation in the gut pertaining to inflammatory bowel disease can be controlled in a similar fashion. Blocking α4β7-integrin with a humanized, monoclonal antibody, specific to the α4β7 heterodimer inhibits the migration of leukocytes into the inflamed intestinal tissue, thus, reducing inflammation in the gut.2 This cost-effective, research-grade Anti-Human CD49D (Natalizumab) utilizes the same variable regions from the therapeutic antibody Natalizumab making it ideal for research projects. Antigen Distribution CD49D is a subunit of the integrin VLA-4, which is expressed on the cell surfaces of stem cells, progenitor cells, T and B cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. PubMed NCBI Gene Bank ID UniProt.org Research Area Biosimilars . Cell Adhesion . Cell Biology . Immunology . Innate Immunity Leinco Antibody AdvisorPowered by AI: AI is experimental and still learning how to provide the best assistance. It may occasionally generate incorrect or incomplete responses. Please do not rely solely on its recommendations when making purchasing decisions or designing experiments. Research-grade Natalizumab biosimilars are commonly used as calibration standards (analytical standards) or reference controls in PK bridging ELISA assays to accurately quantify Natalizumab concentration in serum samples over time. Context and Supporting Details:
Summary of Use in PK ELISA:
This methodological approach ensures accurate, reproducible measurement of Natalizumab concentration in PK studies and supports the regulatory requirements for biosimilar drug development. The primary in vivo models where a research-grade anti-CD49D antibody is administered to study tumor growth inhibition and characterize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are syngeneic mouse models, such as MC38, often combined with adoptive cell transfer and other immunomodulatory treatments. Humanized models appear less commonly in the context of anti-CD49D intervention for TIL profiling based on available data. Key experimental details:
Model features and rationale:
TIL characterization highlights after anti-CD49D treatment:
In summary:
To date, there is no published research or clinical evidence indicating the use of the natalizumab biosimilar (or reference natalizumab) in combination with other immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-CTLA-4 or anti-LAG-3 biosimilars for synergistic effects in complex immune-oncology models. The available literature focuses exclusively on natalizumab’s role in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment, where it is compared head-to-head with its biosimilar for efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity in MS patients. No studies have been conducted or reported that explore the use of natalizumab (biosimilar or originator) in oncology settings, let alone in combination with checkpoint inhibitors. Background on Natalizumab and Biosimilars
Current Practices in Immune-Oncology Combination Therapies
ConclusionResearchers have not used natalizumab biosimilars in conjunction with checkpoint inhibitors like anti-CTLA-4 or anti-LAG-3 to study synergistic effects in immune-oncology models. The clinical development and testing of natalizumab biosimilars have been confined to neurological diseases, particularly MS, with no overlap into oncology or combination immunotherapy trials. Any speculation about such combinations would be theoretical and unsupported by current evidence. Future research in this direction would require a clear biological rationale, which is presently lacking. In the context of immunogenicity testing, particularly for a Natalizumab biosimilar, a bridging ELISA can be employed to monitor a patient's immune response by detecting anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) against the therapeutic drug. Here's how a Natalizumab biosimilar could be used as the capture or detection reagent in a bridging ADA ELISA: Basic Principle of Bridging ELISA
Steps for Using Natalizumab Biosimilar in Bridging ELISAPreparation of Reagents
Assay Setup
Data Interpretation
This method allows for the sensitive detection of ADAs against Natalizumab, providing valuable information on the patient's immune response to the drug. Advantages
Limitations
Implementing this approach requires careful optimization of assay conditions to ensure accurate and reliable results. References & Citations1. Hutchinson, M. (2007) Ther Clin Risk Manag. 3(2):259-68. 2. Vandervoort, M. et al. (2005) N Engl J Med 352:2499-507. Technical ProtocolsCertificate of Analysis |
Formats Available
Prod No. | Description |
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LT1100 | |
LT1103 | |
LT1104 | |
LT1111 | |
LT1105 |
