Anti-Human CD49D (Integrin alpha 4) (Natalizumab) – Fc Muted™
Anti-Human CD49D (Integrin alpha 4) (Natalizumab) – Fc Muted™
Product No.: LT1105
Product No.LT1105 Clone Hu114 Target CD49D Product Type Biosimilar Recombinant Human Monoclonal Antibody Alternate Names CD49D; alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor; ITGA4; Integrin alpha-IV Isotype Human IgG4κ Applications B , FC |
Antibody DetailsProduct DetailsReactive Species Human Host Species Human Expression Host HEK-293 Cells FC Effector Activity Muted Immunogen RAMOS cell line injected into mice. Product Concentration ≥ 5.0 mg/ml Endotoxin Level < 1.0 EU/mg as determined by the LAL method Purity ≥95% by SDS Page ⋅ ≥95% monomer by analytical SEC Formulation This biosimilar antibody is aseptically packaged and formulated in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (150 mM NaCl) PBS pH 7.2 - 7.4 with no carrier protein, potassium, calcium or preservatives added. Due to inherent biochemical properties of antibodies, certain products may be prone to precipitation over time. Precipitation may be removed by aseptic centrifugation and/or filtration. Product Preparation Recombinant biosimilar antibodies are manufactured in an animal free facility using only in vitro protein free cell culture techniques and are purified by a multi-step process including the use of protein A or G to assure extremely low levels of endotoxins, leachable protein A or aggregates. Pathogen Testing To protect mouse colonies from infection by pathogens and to assure that experimental preclinical data is not affected by such pathogens, all of Leinco’s recombinant biosimilar antibodies are tested and guaranteed to be negative for all pathogens in the IDEXX IMPACT I Mouse Profile. Storage and Handling Functional grade preclinical antibodies may be stored sterile as received at 2-8°C for up to one month. For longer term storage, aseptically aliquot in working volumes without diluting and store at ≤ -70°C. Avoid Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles. Regulatory Status Research Use Only (RUO). Non-Therapeutic. Country of Origin USA Shipping 2-8°C Wet Ice RRIDAB_2893890 Applications and Recommended Usage? Quality Tested by Leinco FC The suggested concentration for Natalizumab biosimilar antibody for staining cells in flow cytometry is ≤ 0.25 μg per 106 cells in a volume of 100 μl. Titration of the reagent is recommended for optimal performance for each application. Additional Applications Reported In Literature ? B Each investigator should determine their own optimal working dilution for specific applications. See directions on lot specific datasheets, as information may periodically change. DescriptionDescriptionSpecificity This non-therapeutic biosimilar antibody uses the same variable region sequence as the therapeutic antibody Natalizumab. Natalizumab binds to the alpha 4 subunit of α4β1 and α4β7 integrins. This product is for research use only. Background Natalizumab is characterized as a disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis (a disease of the central nervous system (CNS)), and inflammatory bowel disease. It works by inhibiting the migration of leukocytes to inflammation sites. The VCAM-1 and α4β1-integrin interaction is necessary for leukocyte adhesion, firm attachment, and transmigration across the blood-brain barrier into the CNS. Natalizumab, a recombinant, humanized antibody, binds to α4β1 -integrin and blocks its interaction with VCAM-1. Hence, leukocyte migration into brain tissue is inhibited, thereby reducing inflammation and preventing the formation of multiple sclerosis lesions.1 Inflammation in the gut pertaining to inflammatory bowel disease can be controlled in a similar fashion. Blocking α4β7-integrin with a humanized, monoclonal antibody, specific to the α4β7 heterodimer inhibits the migration of leukocytes into the inflamed intestinal tissue, thus, reducing inflammation in the gut.2 This cost-effective, research-grade Anti-Human CD49D (Natalizumab) utilizes the same variable regions from the therapeutic antibody Natalizumab making it ideal for research projects. Antigen Distribution CD49D is a subunit of the integrin VLA-4, which is expressed on the cell surfaces of stem cells, progenitor cells, T and B cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. PubMed NCBI Gene Bank ID UniProt.org Research Area Biosimilars . Cell Adhesion . Cell Biology . Immunology . Innate Immunity Leinco Antibody AdvisorPowered by AI: AI is experimental and still learning how to provide the best assistance. It may occasionally generate incorrect or incomplete responses. Please do not rely solely on its recommendations when making purchasing decisions or designing experiments. Using Research-Grade Natalizumab Biosimilars in PK Bridging ELISAOverview In pharmacokinetic (PK) studies, research-grade biosimilars can serve as calibration standards or reference controls to ensure accurate measurement of drug concentrations in serum samples. This is particularly relevant for drugs like Natalizumab, a monoclonal antibody used in treating multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease. Role of Biosimilars as Calibration Standards
Key Considerations for Biosimilars as Calibration Standards
Practical Application
In summary, research-grade Natalizumab biosimilars are used as calibration standards in PK bridging ELISAs to ensure accurate and reliable measurement of drug concentrations in serum samples. This approach supports the development of biosimilar products by demonstrating bioanalytical equivalence and facilitating pharmacokinetic studies. Primary Models for Studying Anti-CD49D Antibody Effects on Tumor Growth and TILsSyngeneic Tumor Models The MC38 syngeneic tumor model is prominently used to study the in vivo administration of a research-grade anti-CD49d antibody and its impact on tumor growth and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In this system, blocking VCAM1–CD49d signaling with an anti-CD49d antibody did not directly induce tumor cell apoptosis but, when combined with adoptive transfer of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and α-galactosylceramide (αGC) injection, significantly enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. This combination led to reduced MC38 tumor growth, increased infiltration of iNKT cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells into the tumor, and elevated IFN-γ production by these TILs compared to controls. TC-1 is another syngeneic model mentioned as commonly used in immunotherapy research, though specific data on anti-CD49d antibody administration in this model were not detailed in the provided results. Syngeneic models like these are favored for their fully functional immune systems, allowing researchers to study immune–tumor interactions and the effects of immunomodulatory antibodies in a context that more closely mimics the clinical setting. Humanized Models There is no evidence from the provided results that humanized mouse models (i.e., mice engrafted with human immune systems and tumors) have been used to study anti-CD49d antibody effects on tumor growth and TIL characterization. The available data focus exclusively on syngeneic (mouse-on-mouse) systems. Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs)In the MC38 model, anti-CD49d antibody treatment (especially in combination with iNKT cell transfer) was shown to:
These findings suggest that blocking CD49d can remodel the tumor immune microenvironment, promoting the recruitment and activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes, which is a key mechanism for tumor growth inhibition in this context. Comparison Table: Syngeneic vs. Humanized Models
Summary
These models provide a robust foundation for understanding how targeting the VCAM1–CD49d axis can modulate anti-tumor immunity and inform the development of novel immunotherapies. Currently, there is no specific research or methodology described in the provided search results that directly addresses the use of a Natalizumab biosimilar in conjunction with other checkpoint inhibitors like anti-CTLA-4 or anti-LAG-3 biosimilars to study synergistic effects in complex immune-oncology models. However, I can provide a broad overview of how researchers might approach such a study based on general principles of immunotherapy and biosimilars. Overview of Biosimilars and Checkpoint InhibitorsBiosimilars
Checkpoint Inhibitors
Potential Study Design for Synergistic Effects
ConclusionWhile there is no direct evidence on using Natalizumab biosimilars with checkpoint inhibitors in oncology, researchers could explore novel combinations based on mechanisms of action and preclinical models. The key would be to identify potential synergies that enhance antitumor efficacy without compromising safety. For now, this area of research remains speculative without specific data indicating the effectiveness or feasibility of such combinations in cancer treatment. In the context of immunogenicity testing, a Natalizumab biosimilar (biosim-NTZ) could be used in a bridging anti-drug antibody (ADA) ELISA as either a capture or detection reagent. Here's a step-by-step overview of how this might be achieved: Process Overview
Bridging ADA ELISA Protocol for Natalizumab Biosimilar
Considerations
By using a Natalizumab biosimilar in a bridging ADA ELISA, researchers can effectively monitor a patient's immune response to the therapeutic drug, which is essential for understanding the drug's efficacy and potential immunogenicity-related side effects. References & Citations1. Hutchinson, M. (2007) Ther Clin Risk Manag. 3(2):259-68. 2. Vandervoort, M. et al. (2005) N Engl J Med 352:2499-507. Technical ProtocolsCertificate of Analysis |
Formats Available
Prod No. | Description |
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LT1100 | |
LT1103 | |
LT1104 | |
LT1111 | |
LT1105 |
