Anti-Mouse CD137L (4-1BBL) – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

The TKS-1 clone is used in in vivo mouse studies primarily for targeting the mouse 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL), also known as CD137L. This ligand is crucial in immune responses, particularly in the activation and survival of T cells, including CD8+ T cells, which are involved in antitumor immunity.

Role of 4-1BBL and TKS-1:

• 4-1BBL (CD137L) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and can also be found on activated T cells. It interacts with 4-1BB (CD137) on T cells to enhance their activation and survival, which is vital for sustained immune responses against tumors.
• TKS-1 Monoclonal Antibody is designed to react specifically with mouse 4-1BBL. By using TKS-1 in mouse studies, researchers can modulate the 4-1BB/4-1BBL pathway. This can either enhance or inhibit immune responses depending on the context of the study. For example, blocking the interaction might be used to study immune suppression or tolerance, while agonistic approaches could augment antitumor immunity by promoting T cell activation and proliferation.

In Vivo Applications:

• Antitumor Studies: TKS-1 can be used to enhance antitumor immunity by promoting the activation and survival of CD8+ T cells, which are critical for tumor clearance.
• Immune Regulation: By modulating the 4-1BB/4-1BBL pathway, researchers can study mechanisms of immune tolerance and autoimmunity, providing insights into how to balance immune responses to prevent autoimmune diseases while maintaining effective antitumor immunity.

Overall, the TKS-1 clone is a valuable tool in in vivo mouse studies for understanding and manipulating immune responses, particularly in the context of cancer research and immunotherapy.

The search results do not provide specific information about the storage temperature for a sterile packaged clone TKS-1. However, for general biological materials, especially DNA or bacteria, it is common to store them at -20°C to preserve their integrity and viability. For specific instructions on the storage of TKS-1, it would be best to consult the manufacturer's guidelines or the product documentation provided with the clone.

If TKS-1 is related to biological vectors similar to the pCold System, it might require storage at -20°C, similar to the pCold DNA vectors.

Commonly used antibodies or proteins alongside TKS-1 in the literature include co-stimulatory and checkpoint molecules, as well as T-cell markers and peptide antigens involved in immune response modulation.

Key antibodies and proteins cited with TKS-1:

• 3H3: A monoclonal anti-4-1BB antibody. It is frequently used in combination with TKS-1 to investigate their synergistic effects on T-cell activation, proliferation, and tumor suppression.
• CD8 (CD8?, CD8?): Used to identify and quantify CD8^+ T cells, which are a major subset analyzed in immunological studies using TKS-1.
• CD62L and CCR7: Surface markers indicative of T-cell activation and migration status, often measured alongside TKS-1 treatment to assess T-cell differentiation and trafficking.
• Sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1): Another protein marker investigated for its upregulation after TKS-1 treatment, reflecting increased T-cell egress from lymphoid organs.
• Thy1.1: An allelic marker used to track the transfer and proliferation of specific T-cell populations in adoptive transfer experiments with TKS-1.
• mgp100 peptide: Antigenic peptide (mouse gp100) used to activate antigen-specific T cells, especially in the context of tumor immunity models with TKS-1.
• IgG (isotype control antibodies): Employed as a negative control in studies to validate the specificity of TKS-1 effects.

In summary, studies employing TKS-1 commonly use antibodies or proteins such as 3H3, CD8, CD62L, CCR7, S1PR1, Thy1.1, and relevant antigenic peptides (e.g., mgp100), often in mouse models of T-cell activation, differentiation, and immunotherapy.

The key findings from scientific literature citing clone TKS-1 indicate that this antibody induces only mild agonistic signaling of 4-1BB compared to other clones, such as 3H3, which strongly triggers 4-1BB signals with minimal or no 4-1BBL signals. TKS-1 is used experimentally to study the function and signaling of 4-1BB (CD137) in immune cells, particularly in models assessing self-reactive CD8+ T cell survival and immune regulation.

• TKS-1 shows mild agonist activity: When administered in vivo, TKS-1 produces modest activation of the 4-1BB pathway, which is less robust than that induced by clone 3H3. This characteristic makes it useful for dissecting the nuances of 4-1BB-mediated immune responses.

• Role in cis-interaction studies: TKS-1 has been valuable in studying 4-1BB/4-1BBL cis-interactions on the surface of immune cells, helping delineate the contributions of these signals to cell survival, especially among self-reactive CD8+ T cells. Such investigations have expanded understanding of how immune cell fate decisions are regulated through receptor/ligand interactions.

• Comparison to other clones: The contrast between TKS-1’s mild action and stronger agonists like 3H3 has enabled researchers to clarify the effects of differing signal strengths on immune outcomes.

These findings have contributed to immunological research, particularly in deciphering costimulatory signal modulation and the potential therapeutic manipulation of T cell responses. There is no evidence in indexed literature linking clone TKS-1 to replication controversies or citation impact debates relevant to nonreplicable publications.