Anti-Mouse CD28 [Clone E18] — Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade
Anti-Mouse CD28 [Clone E18] — Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade
Product No.: C2471
Clone E18 Target CD28 Formats AvailableView All Product Type Hybridoma Monoclonal Antibody Alternate Names T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28, Tp44, T44 Isotype Mouse IgG2b κ Applications Agonist , B , FA , FC |
Antibody DetailsProduct DetailsReactive Species Mouse Host Species Mouse Recommended Dilution Buffer Immunogen CD28 -/- mice were alternately immunized with A20 cells expressing mCD28 and recombinant mCD28Ig Product Concentration ≥ 5.0 mg/ml Endotoxin Level < 1.0 EU/mg as determined by the LAL method Purity ≥95% monomer by analytical SEC ⋅ >95% by SDS Page Formulation This monoclonal antibody is aseptically packaged and formulated in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (150 mM NaCl) PBS pH 7.2 - 7.4 with no carrier protein, potassium, calcium or preservatives added. Due to inherent biochemical properties of antibodies, certain products may be prone to precipitation over time. Precipitation may be removed by aseptic centrifugation and/or filtration. State of Matter Liquid Product Preparation Functional grade preclinical antibodies are manufactured in an animal free facility using only in vitro protein free cell culture techniques and are purified by a multi-step process including the use of protein A or G to assure extremely low levels of endotoxins, leachable protein A or aggregates. Storage and Handling Functional grade preclinical antibodies may be stored sterile as received at 2-8°C for up to one month. For longer term storage, aseptically aliquot in working volumes without diluting and store at ≤ -70°C. Avoid Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles. Regulatory Status Research Use Only Country of Origin USA Shipping 2 – 8° C Wet Ice Additional Applications Reported In Literature ? Agonist, B, FA, FC Each investigator should determine their own optimal working dilution for specific applications. See directions on lot specific datasheets, as information may periodically change. DescriptionDescriptionSpecificity E18 activity is directed against mouse CD28 at an epitope close to the B7 binding
site. Background CD28 is a 44 kD glycoprotein and member of the Ig superfamily that produces co-stimulatory
signals necessary for T cell activation and survival as part of the B7-1/B7-2–CD28/CTLA-4
pathway1. The two B7 family proteins, B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), have dual specificity for
the stimulatory receptor CD28 and the inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 (CD152). When B7-1 and
B7-2 interact with CD28, an important co-stimulatory signal, transmitted via CD28, synergizes
with the TCR signal to regulate the threshold for T cell activation and promote T cell survival,
clonal expansion, and differentiation. CD28 also promotes interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. In
contrast, when B7-1 and B7-2 engage with CTLA-4, a negative signal inhibits TCR- and CD28-
mediated signaling as well as IL-2 synthesis, and the T-cell response is terminated. E18 was generated by alternately immunizing CD28-/- mice with A20 cells expressing mCD28 and recombinant mCD28Ig2. Splenic cells were fused with X63Ag8.653 for hybridoma production. E18 completely blocks CD28 ligation by B7 molecules3. Additionally, E18 enhances anti-CD3-induced proliferation of peripheral T cells. In vivo, E18 acts as an inhibitor of CD28 signaling and causes a reversible reduction in Treg cell frequencies among CD4+ cells. Antigen Distribution CD28 is constitutively expressed on the surface of T cells. Ligand/Receptor CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2), GRB2, PIK3R1, PRKCQ NCBI Gene Bank ID UniProt.org Research Area Costimulatory Molecules . Immunology . Immunoglobulins Leinco Antibody AdvisorPowered by AI: AI is experimental and still learning how to provide the best assistance. It may occasionally generate incorrect or incomplete responses. Please do not rely solely on its recommendations when making purchasing decisions or designing experiments. Clone E18 is a monoclonal antibody against murine CD28, commonly used in mice for in vivo modulation of T cell activation, particularly as a co-stimulatory signal for T cell functional assays, and has also been applied therapeutically in disease models such as myocardial infarction. Main in vivo applications of clone E18 in mice:
Supporting details:
Additional Notes:
Overall, clone E18 is widely used for research targeting T cell costimulatory pathways, immune modulation, and therapeutic intervention in mouse disease models. Commonly used antibodies or proteins paired with E18 depend on the specific biological context, as "E18" is a designation found across different fields (e.g., anti-Bcl-XL [E18] antibody used in apoptosis and cancer research, or E18 mAb for Enterovirus A71 research). Below are the most notable examples as reported in recent literature. 1. Anti-Bcl-XL [E18] Antibody (Oncology/Cell Biology Research)This rabbit monoclonal antibody specifically detects the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL. In experiments involving anti-Bcl-XL [E18], other frequently used antibodies or proteins include:
2. E18 or E18-F1 Antibodies (Virology/Enterovirus A71 Research)In studies investigating Enterovirus A71 (EV71):
3. HPV E18-Related Antibodies (Virology/Cancer Research)In studies related to HPV-18 E6/E7 proteins (which can be referred to as E18 in some literature):
Contextual NoteIf you are referring to a specific use of "E18" (such as a clone, an epitope, or an embryonic timepoint), the associated antibodies or proteins will depend strongly on that context. The above include the most widely documented pairings from recent peer-reviewed literature. If you clarify the research field or target, more tailored and relevant combinations can be provided. The term "clone E18" has been cited in distinct scientific contexts, notably in antibody engineering, gene expression/fibroblast biology, and viral genome cloning. Here are the key findings from major citations: 1. Antibody Engineering and Antiviral Activity (Enterovirus A71)
2. Gene Expression and Fetal Fibroblast Biology
3. Viral Genome Cloning (Herpesvirus)
Summary Table: Clone E18 Scientific Contexts
If you have a specific context for "clone E18," (e.g., antibodies, embryonic development, viral cloning), please clarify so I can target findings even more precisely. Clone E18, an anti-mouse CD28 monoclonal antibody, exhibits varying dosing regimens across different experimental contexts, though specific dosing information for this clone is limited in the literature compared to other commonly used antibodies. Functional Characteristics and ApplicationsClone E18 recognizes murine CD28, a co-stimulatory molecule expressed on T cell subsets, and has been demonstrated to stimulate murine T lymphocytes when used in combination with anti-mouse CD3 antibodies. The antibody blocks the binding of other CD28-targeting antibodies (such as 37.51) and can costimulate T cell activation and proliferation. Reported Dosing in Myocardial Infarction ModelsIn cardiovascular research, clone E18 has been applied as a ligand-binding blocking antibody in myocardial infarction studies. The antibody was administered once on day two after myocardial infarction in wildtype mice, though the specific dose used in this application was not detailed in the available search results. General Context for Anti-CD28 DosingWhile specific dosing information for clone E18 across multiple mouse models is not extensively documented in the provided sources, the antibody is supplied at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml and is recommended for use at 10 μL of a 1/50 to 1/100 dilution for labeling 10^6 cells in flow cytometry applications. However, in vivo dosing regimens would typically require substantially higher amounts than those used for in vitro applications. For comparison, other immune-activating antibodies targeting T cell markers, such as anti-CD3ε (clone 145-2C11), are administered at doses ranging from 5-50 μg per mouse via intravenous injection. Given that CD28 functions as a co-stimulatory molecule alongside CD3, similar dose ranges might be expected for E18 in functional assays, though the specific application and desired outcome would dictate the optimal dosing strategy. The variation in dosing regimens across different mouse models would likely depend on factors including the mouse strain used, the route of administration, the experimental endpoint being measured, and whether the antibody is being used for blocking, stimulation, or depletion purposes. References & Citations1. Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ. Nat Rev Immunol. 2(2):116-126. 2002. 2. Dennehy KM, Elias F, Zeder-Lutz G, et al. J Immunol. 176(10):5725-5729. 2006. 3. Beyersdorf N, Ding X, Blank G, et al. Blood. 112(10):4328-4336. 2008. 4. Langenhorst D, Haack S, Göb S, et al. Front Immunol. 9:1060. 2018. 5. Gladow N, Hollmann C, Ramos G, et al. PLoS One. 15(4):e0227734. 2020. Technical ProtocolsCertificate of Analysis |
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