Anti-Mouse CD137L (4-1BBL) – Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Clone TKS-1 is a monoclonal antibody specific to mouse 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL, CD137L) that is primarily used in in vivo mouse studies to block the interaction between 4-1BBL and its receptor 4-1BB (CD137), thereby modulating T cell activation and immune responses.

Context and details:

• Mechanism of Action: TKS-1 binds specifically to mouse 4-1BBL and blocks the co-stimulatory interaction between 4-1BBL (expressed on antigen-presenting cells) and 4-1BB (expressed on activated T cells). This inhibits downstream T cell proliferation and cytokine production that are normally enhanced by 4-1BB/4-1BBL signaling.

• Experimental Use:

  • In Vivo Blockade Studies: TKS-1 is injected into mice to block 4-1BBL function, particularly in models studying T cell activation, cancer immunotherapy, and autoimmunity. For example, in tumor antigen-specific CD8^+^ T cell studies, TKS-1 administration alters the proliferation, activation, differentiation, and migration patterns of transferred T cells in vivo. Co-injection with other antibodies (such as 3H3, targeting 4-1BB) can help dissect the interplay of costimulatory pathways in tumor models (e.g., B16-F10 melanoma).
  • Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell (pDC) Surface Phenotyping: TKS-1 conjugates (often biotinylated) are used to phenotype cells expressing 4-1BBL via flow cytometry.
  • Disruption of T Cell Costimulation: Pre-incubation with TKS-1 in cell culture or following in vivo injection can block anti-CD3-stimulated T cell proliferation that is otherwise co-stimulated by 4-1BBL-expressing cells, demonstrating direct functional blockade.

• Mouse Strain/Model Examples:

  • C57BL/6 mice are commonly used for adoptive transfers and immunization studies, with pmel-1 CD8^+^ T cells (tumor antigen-specific) serving as a model population.
  • Knockout mice (e.g., 4-1BB^?/?^, 4-1BBL^?/?^) have been utilized to assess dependency on the 4-1BB/4-1BBL axis when TKS-1 is administered.

• Effects and Readouts:

  • Alteration in the number and migration of T cells in lymph nodes and tumor tissues after antibody administration.
  • Changes in expression of genes related to cell division, type I interferon responses, and T cell activation/proliferation upon TKS-1 treatment, assessed via transcriptomics and flow cytometry.

Summary Table: TKS-1 In Vivo Usage

Key references: TKS-1 usage is well-described in antibody product sheets and recent immunological studies, especially those dissecting co-stimulatory pathways in cancer and T cell biology.

The correct storage temperature for the sterile packaged clone TKS-1 is -20°C under proper storage conditions. This applies to Takara Bio's cold shock expression system plasmids and DNA-based products, which should be stored at -20°C to maintain stability and integrity for up to 2 years from the date of receipt.

Additional details from the source highlight:

• Storage at 4°C is not recommended as it may compromise the material's stability.
• For long-term storage of E. coli strains harboring these plasmids, glycerol stocks should be prepared and stored at -80°C.

Follow the manufacturer’s manual closely and do not store at room or refrigerator temperature unless explicitly instructed by the product’s documentation.

Some of the most commonly used antibodies and proteins in the literature used alongside TKS-1 include:

• 3H3 (anti-4-1BB, also known as CD137 antibody): Studies frequently combine TKS-1 with 3H3 to investigate synergistic effects, particularly in T-cell activation and anti-tumor responses.
• pmel-1 Thy1.1^+^CD8^+^ T cells: These transgenic, antigen-specific T cells are used to monitor the effects of different immunotherapeutic treatments, including combinations with TKS-1 and other antibodies.
• mgp100 peptide: This self-tumor antigen is often used in in vivo immunization experiments to activate pmel-1 T cells, enabling the study of T cell division, migration, and response under various antibody treatments.
• 17B5 (isotype control antibody): Often included as a negative control to distinguish the specific effects of TKS-1 and 3H3.
• Thy1.1 marker, CD8: Flow cytometry antibodies against these markers are used to specifically identify and quantify the transferred or endogenous T cell populations in experimental setups.

Typical experiments utilize combinations such as TKS-1 + 3H3, alongside controls like 17B5 or IgG, to clarify the role of costimulatory and checkpoint signals in T cell biology and anti-tumor immunity. Additionally, ancillary reagents such as CFSE (for proliferation tracking) and flow cytometry panels targeting CD62L, CCR7, sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1 are employed to examine changes in T cell differentiation and migration status.

In summary, the most common partners for TKS-1 in the literature are 3H3 (anti-4-1BB antibody), antigen-specific T cells (like pmel-1), relevant tumor peptides (such as mgp100), and isotype controls.

The key findings from scientific literature citing clone TKS-1 are not specifically detailed in the provided search results; there is no direct mention or discussion of clone TKS-1 in the indexed scientific summaries. However, based on general trends in citation analysis and knowledge flow from scientific literature, the following insights are relevant to clones or key reagents like TKS-1:

• Enabling Technologies and Early-stage Citations: Scientific articles often cite enabling technologies, such as specific clones or reagents, primarily in their Methods sections to acknowledge tools essential for experimental work. Citations for such technologies tend to be concentrated in the early stages of research fields and are more likely to be substantive, reflecting genuine knowledge transfer rather than perfunctory referencing.

• Tracking Substantive vs. Non-substantive Citations: Machine learning models can classify citations into substantive (core to knowledge transfer) and non-substantive (peripheral or non-critical) categories by analyzing citation contexts. For enabling technologies like notable clones, citations are often flagged as substantive, indicating the centrality of the reagent to new scientific work.

• Representation in Federally Funded Research: NIH-funded papers are disproportionately represented in early-stage, substantive citations, suggesting that enabling reagents developed or characterized in such studies (which could include clones like TKS-1) are pivotal to ongoing research progress.

• Negative and Objective Citation Patterns: Some literature analyzes the role of negative citations (where results or interpretations are challenged) and objective citations (factual acknowledgment). Reagents or clones cited in these contexts might either be foundational (objective) or points of contention in result reproducibility or interpretation (negative).

• Citation Counts and Database Variability: There are systematic differences in citation counts for the same articles or reagents depending on the indexing service (Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar). Therefore, citation impact for clones like TKS-1 can appear differently depending on which database is queried.

Given the absence of clone TKS-1-specific citations in the search results, these findings represent generalizable citation trends for important laboratory reagents and clones in biomedical science. If you are looking for findings specifically related to the biological function, research applications, or experimental outcomes involving clone TKS-1, a more targeted search for primary literature mentioning "clone TKS-1" in antibody resources or specific immunology experiments would be necessary.