Anti-Mouse CD106 (VCAM-1) (Clone M/K-2.7) – Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Anti-Mouse CD106 (VCAM-1) (Clone M/K-2.7) – Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Product No.: C2492

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Clone
M/K-2.7
Target
CD106 (VCAM-1)
Formats AvailableView All
Product Type
Hybridoma Monoclonal Antibody
Alternate Names
VCAM-1, INCAM-110
Isotype
Rat IgG1 κ
Applications
IF
,
in vivo
,
N

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Antibody Details

Product Details

Reactive Species
Mouse
Host Species
Rat
Recommended Dilution Buffer
Immunogen
Stromal cells derived from mouse bone marrow
Product Concentration
≥ 5.0 mg/ml
Endotoxin Level
<0.5 EU/mg as determined by the LAL method
Purity
≥98% monomer by analytical SEC
>95% by SDS Page
Formulation
This monoclonal antibody is aseptically packaged and formulated in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (150 mM NaCl) PBS pH 7.2 - 7.4 with no carrier protein, potassium, calcium or preservatives added. Due to inherent biochemical properties of antibodies, certain products may be prone to precipitation over time. Precipitation may be removed by aseptic centrifugation and/or filtration.
Product Preparation
Functional grade preclinical antibodies are manufactured in an animal free facility using in vitro cell culture techniques and are purified by a multi-step process including the use of protein A or G to assure extremely low levels of endotoxins, leachable protein A or aggregates.
Pathogen Testing
To protect mouse colonies from infection by pathogens and to assure that experimental preclinical data is not affected by such pathogens, all of Leinco’s Purified Functional PLATINUM<sup>TM</sup> antibodies are tested and guaranteed to be negative for all pathogens in the IDEXX IMPACT I Mouse Profile.
Storage and Handling
Functional grade preclinical antibodies may be stored sterile as received at 2-8°C for up to one month. For longer term storage, aseptically aliquot in working volumes without diluting and store at ≤ -70°C. Avoid Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles.
Regulatory Status
Research Use Only
Country of Origin
USA
Shipping
2 – 8° C Wet Ice
Additional Applications Reported In Literature ?
IF,
in vivo,
N
Each investigator should determine their own optimal working dilution for specific applications. See directions on lot specific datasheets, as information may periodically change.

Description

Description

Specificity
The M/K-2.7 activity is specifically directed against mouse CD106 also known as VCAM-1 and INCAM-110.
Background
CD106 is a single-chain type I glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 110 kDa. It is upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli and cytokines, and it plays an important role in leukocyte adhesion, transmigration, and T-cell proliferation by binding to integrins CD49d/CD29 (VLA-4) and α4β71. It has implications in several pathologies, including heart diseases, inflammation, and cancer metastasis2. The regulation and function of CD106 in immune responses highlight its potential as a therapeutic target in treating these conditions.

The M/K-2.7 clone was developed using stromal cells derived from mouse bone marrow as the immunogen. It has been widely used in various research contexts, particularly in studies involving in vivo VCAM-1 neutralization, immunofluorescence techniques, and more. This clone demonstrates its versatility across a range of experimental setups and is a valuable tool for investigating vascular cell adhesion mechanisms and the inflammatory process. It is particularly useful for research focused on inflammatory processes, immune cell migration, and the study of vascular biology3-6.

Antigen Distribution
CD106 is predominantly expressed on activated vascular endothelial cells, as well as on various other cells including follicular and interfollicular dendritic cells, some macrophages, and bone marrow stromal cells. Its expression can also be found in non-vascular cells within joints, kidneys, muscles, the heart, the placenta, and the brain.
Ligand/Receptor
VLA-4 (α4/β1 integrin) and LPAM-1 (α4/β7 integrin)
NCBI Gene Bank ID
UniProt.org
Research Area
Cell Adhesion
.
Cell Biology
.
Immunology
.
Neuroinflammation
.
Neuroscience
.
CD Molecules
.
Stem Cells

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Applications of M/K-2.7 Clone in In Vivo Mouse Studies

The M/K-2.7 monoclonal antibody targets mouse CD106 (VCAM-1), a cell adhesion molecule highly expressed on activated vascular endothelial cells and involved in leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Its use in in vivo mouse studies spans several key research areas:

VCAM-1 Neutralization and Functional Studies
M/K-2.7 is commonly used to neutralize VCAM-1 in vivo, allowing researchers to study the functional consequences of blocking this adhesion molecule in mouse models of inflammation and disease. By administering M/K-2.7, investigators can assess the role of VCAM-1 in processes such as leukocyte adhesion, transmigration, and immune cell recruitment to tissues.

Vascular Biology and Inflammation Research
VCAM-1 is a critical mediator in vascular biology, and its blockade with M/K-2.7 has been employed to investigate the mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases, immune cell migration, and vascular dysfunction. The antibody’s ability to specifically bind and neutralize mouse VCAM-1 makes it a valuable tool for dissecting the molecular pathways of inflammation and immune response in vivo.

Drug Delivery and Targeting
M/K-2.7 has also been used to target drug delivery systems, such as immunoliposomes, to sites of VCAM-1 expression. For example, studies have shown that liposomes conjugated with M/K-2.7 exhibit significantly enhanced uptake in the brain compared to control IgG, especially under inflammatory conditions (e.g., after TNF-? challenge). This highlights the potential of M/K-2.7 as a targeting ligand for delivering therapeutic agents to inflamed or diseased tissues.

Typical Experimental Use
In practice, M/K-2.7 is administered intravenously or intraperitoneally to mice, either as a purified antibody for functional blockade or as a conjugate for targeted delivery applications. The antibody’s high specificity and in vivo functionality make it suitable for both neutralization experiments and as a component of advanced drug delivery platforms.

Summary Table: In Vivo Uses of M/K-2.7

Application AreaPurposeKey Findings/Utility
VCAM-1 NeutralizationBlock leukocyte adhesion and migrationElucidates VCAM-1 role in inflammation and immunity
Inflammatory Disease ModelsStudy disease mechanisms and test therapiesUseful in models of vascular and inflammatory disease
Targeted Drug DeliveryEnhance tissue-specific delivery of therapeuticsMarked increase in brain uptake of M/K-2.7 liposomes

Conclusion

The M/K-2.7 clone is a versatile tool in mouse in vivo research, primarily used to neutralize VCAM-1 for functional studies, investigate inflammatory and vascular biology, and enhance targeted drug delivery to sites of VCAM-1 expression. Its specificity and efficacy in vivo have made it a staple in both basic and translational immunology research.

The correct storage temperature for the sterile packaged clone M/K-2.7 is 4°C for up to 12 months, or –20°C for long-term storage. It is critical to avoid freeze-thaw cycles, as these can compromise the stability and activity of the antibody. These recommendations are standard for many monoclonal antibodies and are consistent with broader guidelines for antibody storage, which suggest aliquoting to minimize repeated thawing and emphasize storing antibodies away from light and in a stable, temperature-controlled environment.

If you plan to store the antibody for longer than a year, transferring it to –20°C is advisable, and for very long-term storage (multiple years), –80°C is generally preferred for most antibodies, though the specific product datasheet should always be consulted for clone-specific instructions.

Commonly Used Antibodies and Proteins with M/K-2.7 in the Literature

M/K-2.7 is a monoclonal antibody specific for mouse CD106 (VCAM-1), widely used in research on inflammation, immune cell migration, and vascular biology. In experimental contexts, M/K-2.7 is often employed alongside other antibodies and proteins to study complex biological processes, particularly those involving leukocyte-endothelial interactions and immune responses.

Key Antibodies and Proteins Used with M/K-2.7

  • Anti-CD49d (VLA-4) and Anti-CD29: Since CD106 (VCAM-1) binds the integrin VLA-4 (?4?1 integrin, composed of CD49d/CD29), antibodies against these integrin subunits are commonly used in parallel with M/K-2.7 to study leukocyte adhesion and transmigration.
  • Anti-?4?7 Integrin: This integrin is another ligand for VCAM-1, and antibodies targeting ?4?7 are used to investigate VCAM-1-mediated adhesion in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and other contexts.
  • Anti-CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1): While not a direct ligand for VCAM-1, antibodies against Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, another leukocyte integrin) are sometimes used in comparative studies of leukocyte adhesion mechanisms.
  • Cytokines and Inflammatory Mediators: Since VCAM-1 expression is upregulated by inflammatory stimuli, proteins such as TNF-?, IL-1?, and IFN-? are frequently used to induce VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells before M/K-2.7 application in functional assays.
  • Isotype Control Antibodies: Non-specific IgG antibodies (e.g., rat IgG1) are routinely used as negative controls in experiments involving M/K-2.7 to confirm the specificity of observed effects.

Example Research Contexts

  • In vivo Neutralization: M/K-2.7 is used to block VCAM-1 function in animal models of inflammation, often in combination with other adhesion molecule antibodies (e.g., anti-ICAM-1) to assess the relative contributions of different adhesion pathways.
  • Immunofluorescence and Flow Cytometry: M/K-2.7 is paired with antibodies against endothelial markers (e.g., CD31/PECAM-1) or leukocyte markers (e.g., CD45, CD3) to co-localize VCAM-1 expression or to assess leukocyte-endothelial interactions.
  • Functional Assays: In studies of leukocyte transmigration, M/K-2.7 is used alongside recombinant or purified forms of its ligands (e.g., recombinant VLA-4 or ?4?7 integrin) to validate the specificity of adhesion-blocking effects.

Summary Table: Common Pairings with M/K-2.7

Antibody/ProteinPurpose/ContextNotes
Anti-CD49d/CD29 (VLA-4)Study VCAM-1–integrin interaction, leukocyte adhesionDirect ligand for VCAM-1
Anti-?4?7 IntegrinInvestigate gut-specific adhesionAlternative VCAM-1 ligand
Anti-CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1)Compare adhesion pathwaysNot a VCAM-1 ligand, but relevant
Cytokines (TNF-?, IL-1?)Induce VCAM-1 expressionUpregulate target for M/K-2.7
Isotype Control IgGNegative controlConfirm antibody specificity
Endothelial MarkersCo-localization, phenotypinge.g., CD31/PECAM-1
Leukocyte MarkersIdentify interacting cellse.g., CD45, CD3

Conclusion

M/K-2.7 is most frequently paired with antibodies against its integrin ligands (VLA-4, ?4?7), markers for endothelial and leukocyte identification, and inflammatory cytokines that modulate VCAM-1 expression. These combinations enable detailed investigation of VCAM-1’s role in immune cell trafficking, inflammation, and vascular biology.

Clone M/K-2.7 is a monoclonal antibody targeting mouse CD106 (VCAM-1) and is widely cited in the literature for its ability to specifically bind and functionally neutralize VCAM-1, a vascular adhesion molecule implicated in leukocyte adhesion, migration, and inflammatory processes.

Key findings from citations involving M/K-2.7 include:

  • VCAM-1 Functional Blockade: M/K-2.7 has been used to functionally inhibit VCAM-1, thereby blocking its interaction with integrins like CD49d/CD29 (VLA-4) on leukocytes. In vitro, preincubation of endothelial cells with M/K-2.7 significantly inhibits VCAM-1-mediated leukocyte adhesion and transmigration, confirming its role in controlling cell adhesion under inflammatory conditions.

  • Role in Inflammation and Immunity Studies:

    • M/K-2.7 is widely used to study inflammatory disease models, such as collagen-induced arthritis, where its application reduced joint inflammation—demonstrating the role of VCAM-1 in leukocyte recruitment and tissue infiltration.
    • The antibody has also been employed in various models to clarify the contribution of VCAM-1 to immune cell trafficking, making it a valuable tool for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of immune cell-endothelial interactions.
  • Research Applications:

    • Used for in vivo VCAM-1 neutralization and immunofluorescence (IF) detection of VCAM-1 expression on mouse tissues.
    • Purified M/K-2.7 is also used in functional assays to analyze adhesion molecule biology in vascular and non-vascular tissues where VCAM-1 is expressed, including bone marrow, kidney, heart, and brain.
  • Specificity and Characterization: M/K-2.7 is a rat IgG1, ? isotype, validated for high specificity to mouse VCAM-1, and is often deployed as a control or comparator in the development and assessment of new VCAM-1 antibodies.

  • Biochemical Characterization:

    • M/K-2.7’s binding has facilitated the selection and validation of VCAM-1-binding peptides and phage display clones for targeted delivery or imaging applications.
    • Its use in phage display experiments confirms the pivotal role of the VCAM-1/VLA-4 interaction in cell adhesion models.

In summary, clone M/K-2.7 is a benchmark antibody for studying VCAM-1 function in murine models, and its neutralizing ability is crucial for dissecting mechanisms in inflammation, immunity, and vascular biology research.

References & Citations

1. Tolstrup A, Hokland P, Nielsen B, Justesen J, Hokland M. J Interferon Res. 1993;13(6):433-441.
2. Salajegheh A, Salajegheh A. Springer International Publishing; 2016:375-379.
3. Hession C, Moy P, Tizard R, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992;183(1):163-169.
4. Osborn L, Hession C, Tizard R, et al. Cell. 1989;59(6):1203-1211.
5. Miyake K, Medina K, Ishihara K, Kimoto M, Auerbach R, Kincade PW. The Journal of cell biology. 1991;114(3):557-565.
6. Kumar AG, Dai XY, Kozak CA, Mims MP, Gotto AM, Ballantyne CM. The Journal of Immunology. 1994;153(9):4088-4098.
7. Yousef H, Czupalla CJ, Lee D, et al. Nat Med. 2019;25(6):988-1000.
8. de Juan A, Ince LM, Pick R, et al. Circulation. 2019;140(13):1100-1114.
9. He W, Holtkamp S, Hergenhan SM, et al. Immunity. 2018;49(6):1175-1190.e7.
10. Kapitsinou PP, Sano H, Michael M, et al. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(6):2396-2409.
11. Chow A, Huggins M, Ahmed J, et al. Nat Med. 2013;19(4):429-436.
12. Brinkman CC, Rouhani SJ, Srinivasan N, Engelhard VH. J Immunol. 2013;191(5):2412-2425.
13. Thomas SY, Scanlon ST, Griewank KG, et al. J Exp Med. 2011;208(6):1179-1188.

Formats Available

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Disclaimer AlertProducts are for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.