Anti-Mouse CD73 – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

The TY/23 clone is used in multiple ways in in vivo mouse studies, primarily as a tool for CD73 blockade and functional inhibition in cancer immunotherapy research.

Primary Applications in Mouse Studies

CD73 Enzymatic Blockade: The TY/23 antibody serves as a blocking agent to inhibit CD73's enzymatic activity in vivo. CD73 converts AMP to adenosine, creating an immunosuppressive environment that shifts from ATP-driven pro-inflammatory conditions to anti-inflammatory states induced by adenosine. By blocking this conversion, TY/23 helps maintain a more pro-inflammatory, anti-tumor immune environment.

Cancer Immunotherapy Enhancement: TY/23 is frequently used in combination with other immunotherapies, particularly anti-PD-1 treatments, to enhance antitumor activity. The antibody targets the immunosuppressive mechanisms that tumors use to evade immune responses, making it a valuable tool for studying combination immunotherapy approaches.

Experimental Design and Controls

Comparative Studies: Researchers use TY/23 alongside other anti-CD73 clones to compare different approaches to CD73 targeting. In epitope mapping studies, TY/23 serves as a reference standard against which newly developed anti-CD73 antibodies are compared for binding specificity and functional overlap.

Flow Cytometry Applications: While TY/23 is used for functional blockade in vivo, different clones like TY/11.8 are often employed for flow cytometry analysis in the same studies, allowing researchers to monitor CD73 expression while simultaneously blocking its function.

Mechanism of Action in Vivo

The TY/23 clone specifically targets mouse CD73, a 69 kDa GPI-anchored cell-surface protein expressed on CD11b+ myeloid cells in bone marrow and T cells in the spleen. By binding to CD73 and inhibiting its enzymatic activity, TY/23 prevents the production of immunosuppressive adenosine, thereby maintaining immune cell activation and enhancing antitumor responses. This mechanism is particularly important for counteracting the immunosuppressive activity of regulatory T cells, where CD73 plays a strategic role in immune regulation.

The correct storage temperature for sterile packaged items like a clone TY/23 (assuming it is a microbiologically certified culture or similar biological reagent maintained sterile for laboratory use) depends on the manufacturer’s specific instructions, which always take precedence. However, general best practices for sterile biological and microbiological cultures are as follows:

General Sterile Storage Guidelines

• Room Temperatures: For many sterile reagents, especially those packaged for short-term use, the recommendation is to store between 18°C and 23°C (64–73°F), in a dry place with relative humidity between 30% and 60% to maintain integrity and prevent moisture damage.
• Long-term Storage: If the clone is to be preserved for longer periods, typical laboratory practice is to store at refrigerated temperatures (2–8°C/36–46°F). However, some biological materials (especially heat-sensitive proteins or live cells) may require particular refrigeration regimes (e.g., 4°C) or even freezing.
• Ultra-Low Freezing: For truly long-term storage, especially for viability-critical cultures, storage at ultra-low freezer temperatures (-70 to -80°C) or even in liquid nitrogen (-150°C and below) is standard for many microbial and eukaryotic cell lines.

Manufacturer’s Instructions Are Key

• Always check the accompanying documentation or manufacturer’s label. The information above is a general guideline, but the clone TY/23 may have specific requirements or short shelf life outside certain temperatures.
• If the material is supplied with a preservative or fixative, room temperature (15–27°C) may suffice, but this is rarely the case for live cultures or reagents for molecular work.
• Sterile, lyophilized, or desiccated clones can often be stored refrigerated or even at room temperature, but again, only if explicitly stated by the manufacturer.

Summary Table

Always follow the manufacturer’s storage instructions for clone TY/23. If no specific guidance is available, refrigeration at 4°C is generally safe for sterile, packaged biological cultures, but confirm with the supplier for optimal results. Improper storage can lead to loss of viability or contamination, even if the package remains unopened.

Alongside TY/23 (an antibody targeting IL-23, specifically its p19 subunit), researchers frequently use other antibodies and proteins that target related cytokines, subunits, or immunological markers in the literature. The most commonly used reagents include:

• Anti-IL-17A antibodies: These are often used together with anti-IL-23 antibodies, particularly in studies of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, because IL-17A and IL-23 function closely in the Th17 inflammatory pathway.

• Anti-IL-12 antibodies: Since IL-12 and IL-23 both share the p40 subunit (IL-12 is p40/p35, IL-23 is p40/p19), antibodies against IL-12 (and specifically p40) are frequently used for specificity controls and to dissect individual cytokine roles in immune responses.

• Bispecific antibodies targeting IL-17A and IL-23: These engineered proteins are designed to simultaneously block both cytokines, which can have additive or synergistic effects in neutralizing inflammatory pathways relevant to psoriasis and related disorders.

• Protein scaffolds targeting IL-23: Recent publications highlight the use of engineered protein scaffolds such as Alphabodies, which specifically bind IL-23 with high affinity—distinguishing it from IL-12—and are studied as alternatives to traditional monoclonal antibodies.

In experimental setups with TY/23, typical combinations include:

• Anti-IL-17A for pathway mapping in autoimmunity.
• Anti-p40 (shared by IL-12 and IL-23) for specificity or blocking studies.
• Other cytokine or cell marker antibodies (e.g., anti-IFN-?, anti-CD4, anti-CD3) for flow cytometry panels in immune cell phenotyping (not explicitly listed in the results, but commonly reported in immunological literature).
• Engineered protein scaffolds for structure-function and inhibitor comparison studies.

These combinations are used to delineate the roles of IL-23 in disease, compare the effects of blocking different cytokines, and to develop more effective therapies for autoimmune conditions.

Clone TY/23 is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets CD73, a protein involved in cancer and immune responses. Key findings from its citations in scientific literature include:

1. Inhibition of Metastasis: TY/23 has been shown to inhibit metastasis significantly, demonstrating its potential as an anticancer agent. This suggests that targeting CD73 could be a valuable strategy in cancer treatment.

2. Binding Affinity and Epitope Mapping: Studies have mapped the epitope of TY/23 and compared it with other anti-CD73 clones. It was found that TY/23 competes with other clones for binding to CD73, indicating a specific interaction with the CD73 protein.

3. Enhanced Antitumor Activity: The blockade of CD73 by antibodies like TY/23 enhances the antitumor activity of other treatments, such as anti-PD-1 therapy. This suggests that combining CD73 blockade with existing immunotherapies could improve cancer treatment outcomes.

Overall, TY/23 is highlighted for its role in inhibiting cancer progression and potentially enhancing the effectiveness of other cancer treatments when used in combination.