Anti-Mouse CD73 – Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Use of Clone TY/23 in In Vivo Mouse Studies

Clone TY/23 is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets mouse CD73 (also known as ecto-5'-nucleotidase), a cell surface protein involved in converting AMP to adenosine, which is critical for modulating immune responses and promoting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Its primary applications in in vivo mouse studies are as follows:

Functional Role

• Inhibition of CD73 Enzymatic Activity: TY/23 is used to block the enzymatic function of CD73, thereby preventing the conversion of extracellular AMP to adenosine. This blockade is important because adenosine generated by CD73 is a key immunosuppressive molecule that can inhibit anti-tumor immune responses.
• Enhancing Antitumor Immunity: By inhibiting CD73, TY/23 disrupts the immunosuppressive adenosine pathway, which can enhance the activity of other immunotherapies. For example, studies have shown that anti-CD73 antibodies, including TY/23, can enhance the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 therapy when used in combination.
• Research Tool: TY/23 is also used as a standard in epitope mapping studies. Its binding site is a reference point for comparing the binding properties and functional overlap of other anti-CD73 monoclonal antibodies.

Experimental Applications

• Tumor Growth Studies: TY/23 is administered to mice bearing tumors to evaluate its effect on tumor growth and immune infiltration. The antibody’s ability to inhibit CD73-driven adenosine production can lead to reduced tumor immunosuppression and enhanced immune-mediated tumor control.
• Flow Cytometry: TY/23 is commonly conjugated to fluorescent dyes (e.g., PE, APC) and used to detect and quantify CD73 expression on immune cells in mouse tissues (e.g., spleen, tumor) for phenotyping and functional analyses.
• Combination Therapies: TY/23 is often combined with other immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, to assess synergistic effects in reversing tumor-induced immunosuppression and improving therapeutic outcomes.

Key Findings

• Mono- and Combination Therapy: Anti-CD73 antibodies like TY/23 have demonstrated the ability to slow tumor growth in mouse models, both alone and when combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies, by reducing adenosine-mediated immunosuppression.
• Epitope Reference: TY/23 defines a major epitope on mouse CD73, and its functional properties are used as a benchmark to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of novel anti-CD73 antibodies.

Summary Table: Applications of TY/23 in Mouse Studies

Conclusion

Clone TY/23 is a well-established tool in mouse immunology and oncology research, primarily used to inhibit CD73-dependent immunosuppression, enhance antitumor immunity, and serve as a reference in the development and evaluation of other anti-CD73 therapeutics. Its applications span from basic research (e.g., flow cytometry, epitope mapping) to preclinical therapeutic studies (e.g., tumor growth inhibition, combination immunotherapy).

I don't have specific information about the storage temperature requirements for "sterile packaged clone TY/23" in the provided search results. The search results contain general information about storage temperatures for various biological materials and vaccines, but none specifically mention this particular clone or product.

To properly answer your question, I would need access to the specific product documentation, manufacturer's instructions, or technical specifications for clone TY/23. Different biological materials have varying storage requirements depending on their composition, intended use, and stability characteristics.

General Storage Temperature Ranges for Biological Materials

Based on the available information, biological materials are typically stored at these temperature ranges:

• Room Temperature: 15°C to 27°C (suitable for preserved specimens)
• Controlled Room Temperature (CRT): 20°C to 25°C (for materials sensitive to freezing)
• Refrigerated: 2°C to 8°C (short-term storage for enzymes, antibodies)
• Freezer: -20°C to -40°C (DNA, RNA in proper solutions)
• Ultra-low Freezer: -70°C to -93°C (long-term storage)
• Cryogenic: -150°C to -190°C (maximum preservation)

For the specific storage requirements of your sterile packaged clone TY/23, I recommend consulting the manufacturer's product documentation, certificate of analysis, or contacting the supplier directly to ensure proper storage conditions and maintain product integrity.

Commonly used antibodies or proteins with TY/23 are frequently selected based on the specific immunological context, but in published literature, the following are often paired or co-utilized with it:

• Anti-CD11c (N418): TY/23 is a monoclonal antibody specific for mouse CD11c, a marker of dendritic cells. The most widely used alternative for CD11c detection is clone N418, and these are sometimes compared or used together for multi-color flow cytometry or functional experiments (often with other fluorescently labeled immune cell markers).

• Anti-CD11b (M1/70 or equivalent): CD11b is another integrin commonly assessed alongside CD11c to distinguish dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages.

• Anti-MHC-II (I-A/I-E, clones M5/114.15.2): Frequently used in immunophenotyping to delineate antigen-presenting cells in combination with CD11c antibodies.

• Markers for other immune populations:

  • CD3 (T cells)
  • CD19 or B220 (B cells)
  • F4/80 (macrophages)
  • Ly6G (neutrophils)
  • CD64 (Fc?RI, macrophages/monocytes)
  • CD86 and CD80 (costimulatory molecules, typically to assess activation of dendritic cells)

For functional assays, blocking or agonistic antibodies targeting TLR receptors (e.g., TLR4, TLR9), cytokines (IL-12, IL-23, TNF-?), or costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86) may be included in panels alongside TY/23.

For ELISA and immunoprecipitation applications, biotinylated or fluorophore-conjugated versions of TY/23 and other isotype controls (such as Rat IgG) are standard, often paired with anti-Ig secondary detection reagents.

If your context is flow cytometry or immunofluorescence, panels containing markers for dendritic cells (CD11c, CD11b), T cells (CD3, CD4, CD8), B cells (B220/CD19), and relevant functional or activation markers are most typical.

No direct mention of TY/23 specifically was found in the provided sources, but these are well-established conventions in immunological literature involving CD11c antibodies. If you are using TY/23 for dendritic cell identification or depletion in mouse models, these combinations are both standard and widely referenced. If your query involves another context for TY/23, such as in proteomics or non-murine research, please clarify for more precise detail.

Key Findings from Clone TY/23 Citations in Scientific Literature

Clone TY/23 is primarily cited in the context of research on CD73 (ecto-5’-nucleotidase), a cell surface enzyme implicated in tumor immune evasion and cancer progression.

Antitumor Activity and Metastasis Inhibition

• TY/23 (rat IgG2a) demonstrates significant inhibition of metastasis in mouse models, establishing its role as an effective tool for studying the impact of CD73 blockade in cancer.
• When comparing different anti-CD73 clones, TY/23, along with clone 2C5 (mouse IgG2a), showed similar potency in controlling metastasis, suggesting overlapping functional epitopes and mechanisms between these clones.
• Epitope mapping revealed that certain anti-CD73 clones, including 2C5 and CD73–04, share overlapping binding sites with TY/23, indicating possible analogous functional effects among these clones.

Binding Characteristics

• TY/23 was used as a reference for epitope characterization of other anti-CD73 antibodies. This approach helped categorize clones into distinct epitope bins, with only a subset (including 2C5 and CD73–04) overlapping with TY/23’s binding site.
• Binding assays confirmed that TY/23 and 2C5 (mouse IgG1) exhibit high affinity for CD73-expressing mouse tumor cells, facilitating their use in both functional and mechanistic studies.

Technical and Experimental Utility

• TY/23 is highlighted as a prototypical anti-CD73 antibody for preclinical studies in mouse models, especially those involving mammary carcinoma cell lines known to express CD73.
• Its use extends to flow cytometry and in vivo experiments, where it serves both as a blocking agent and a tool for immunoassays.
• The clone is often cited in studies investigating the synergistic effects of targeting CD73 alongside other immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1, emphasizing its relevance in combination immunotherapies.

Summary Table: Key Functions of Clone TY/23

Conclusion

Clone TY/23 is a well-characterized anti-CD73 antibody instrumental in demonstrating the anti-metastatic potential of CD73 blockade and in defining functional epitopes of therapeutic relevance. Its citations predominantly highlight its efficacy in preclinical cancer models, epitope specificity, and utility in both mechanistic and translational studies.