Anti-Mouse Delta-like protein 4 (DLL4) – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Clone HMD4-2 is a hamster monoclonal antibody that is used for in vivo neutralization of mouse Delta-like protein 4 (DLL4) in mouse studies. DLL4 is a ligand in the Notch signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in embryonic vascular development and angiogenesis.

In in vivo mouse experiments, HMD4-2 is administered to neutralize DLL4 activity, which disrupts Notch signaling and affects blood vessel formation. This approach is commonly used to:

• Study the function of DLL4 in physiological and pathological angiogenesis,
• Investigate the role of DLL4 in tumor growth by promoting non-productive angiogenesis when blocked,
• Explore DLL4-dependent mechanisms in developmental biology and cancer models.

Key usage details:

• Antibody specificity: Highly specific to mouse DLL4.
• Host species: Armenian hamster IgG.
• Application: Designed specifically for in vivo (as well as in vitro) DLL4 neutralization by direct administration to mice.
• Formulation: Unconjugated, purified IgG, suitable for direct injection into animal models.
• Typical dosing and protocols: These are usually determined by the experimental design, aiming to achieve effective DLL4 blockade over a given period, but specifics should be taken from primary literature or the supplier’s datasheet.

Summary of effects in vivo:

• Blocking DLL4 with HMD4-2 leads to altered vascular development, inhibition of tumor growth by triggering non-productive angiogenesis, and can serve as a tool to probe DLL4/Notch pathway function in various disease or developmental settings.

Note: When using HMD4-2 in mouse studies, appropriate controls (such as isotype-matched Armenian hamster IgG) are recommended for data interpretation.

In the literature involving HMD4-2, which targets mouse Delta-like Protein 4 (DLL4), other commonly used antibodies or proteins often include those related to the Notch signaling pathway, as well as markers for endothelial cells and angiogenesis:

• Notch Receptors (Notch1-4): Antibodies against these receptors are commonly paired with HMD4-2, since DLL4 is a ligand for Notch receptors and the interaction is central to studies of angiogenesis and vascular development.
• VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor): VEGF is frequently measured or blocked alongside DLL4, as its expression upregulates DLL4 in endothelial cells. Antibodies against VEGF are used to dissect pathways involved in blood vessel formation.
• Endothelial Cell Markers (e.g., CD31, VE-Cadherin): These are often used to identify endothelial cells in tissue sections and to assess changes in vascular structure and density in experiments involving HMD4-2.
• Other DLL Family Ligands (DLL1, DLL3, Jagged1, Jagged2): These proteins and their antibodies may be included for comparison or to explore specificity within the Notch ligand family, though DLL4 is usually the main focus when using HMD4-2.
• Growth Factors (e.g., bFGF, HIF1?): Antibodies targeting basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1?) are sometimes co-used to explore upstream regulation of DLL4.

In related angiogenesis and tumor models, protocols often combine HMD4-2 with markers for cellular proliferation (e.g., Ki-67) or hypoxia, as well as other tumor microenvironment components.

If your application is immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry, these combinations help elucidate the role of DLL4 in specific cell types and signaling contexts. Specific combinations may vary by experimental goal, so reviewing contemporary research in vascular biology and tumor angiogenesis will provide further guidance.

Clone HMD4-2 is a hamster monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes mouse Delta-like protein 4 (DLL4), a crucial ligand in the Notch signaling pathway. Scientific literature and antibody product documentation highlight several key findings about this clone and its research applications:

• Specificity and Target: HMD4-2 binds to mouse DLL4, which is a major Notch receptor ligand expressed predominantly in vascular endothelium.
• Research Utility: The antibody is used for applications such as flow cytometry (FC), functional neutralization (FN), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), enabling the study of DLL4 expression, localization, and function in mouse model systems.
• Biological Role of DLL4: DLL4 is essential for embryonic vascular development and plays a major role in tumor angiogenesis, especially in cancers like clear-cell renal carcinoma, pancreas, bladder, and colon cancer. Its expression can be upregulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1?).
• Therapeutic Implications: Blockade of DLL4 (using antagonists such as HMD4-2) has been shown in literature to inhibit tumor growth by promoting non-productive angiogenesis, offering insight into mechanisms for targeting tumor vasculature.

No citations discussing clone HMD4-2 report new unpublished research findings in primary literature; instead, the focus is on its role as a validated tool antibody for studies of mouse DLL4 in development, vascular biology, and cancer models.

If you are looking for the original scientific articles (e.g., in vivo efficacy, characterization, or neutralization studies) specifically citing HMD4-2, none were listed in the search results provided—these findings are primarily from antibody datasheets and product overviews. For further details on published primary research using HMD4-2, direct literature searches in PubMed or Web of Science using the full antibody name and clone would be required.

Based on currently available sources, precise dosing regimens for clone HMD4-2 (a monoclonal antibody targeting mouse Delta-like protein 4, DLL4) are not published in standard detail across specific mouse models. The commercial and product literature for HMD4-2 primarily describe its specificity, formulation, and intended applications (flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, etc.), but do not list experimental dosing regimens, frequencies, or variation by mouse strain or disease model.

Key context and supporting details:

• HMD4-2 is a hamster IgG monoclonal antibody against mouse DLL4, used mainly for blocking DLL4/Notch signaling in various research contexts.
• Common applications include immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Concentrations for these assays are often provided in product manuals as recommended dilutions (e.g., 1:100 for IHC), not as systemic doses for in vivo studies.
• In vivo use and dosing: Guidance may be extrapolated from the general approach to monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics/dynamics in mice. Dosing strategies typically depend on the goal (e.g., tumor angiogenesis inhibition, developmental studies), route of administration, and mouse model (acute vs. chronic, syngeneic vs. xenograft, immunocompetent vs. immunodeficient). Diverse regimens are modeled and optimized using PK/PD principles. There is, however, no published standardized dosing for HMD4-2; dosing must be determined by pilot studies and adjusted based on efficacy, toxicity, and exposure simulations.
• No comparative data: The search results do not provide a systematic overview of HMD4-2 dosing differences between mouse models (e.g., by genetic background, tumor type, age, or immune status).

Essential additional information:

• If a specific study using HMD4-2 for in vivo blockade of DLL4 is cited in literature, dosing information would typically be in the Methods section. This information, including mg/kg dosages and frequency (e.g., 5 mg/kg, twice weekly IV or IP), would be context-specific and might not generalize between models.
• In the absence of direct data, researchers generally simulate exposure and efficacy using pilot PK/PD studies, selecting doses to achieve target blood concentrations and biological effects based on the specific model and intervention goals.

Summary:
There is no standardized, published dataset detailing how HMD4-2 dosing regimens vary across mouse models. Researchers generally determine dosing empirically and through PK/PD modeling. Any use in new models should be preceded by initial pilot studies and literature review to identify reference regimens in similar contexts.