Anti-Mouse Delta-like protein 4 (DLL4) – Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

The HMD4-2 clone is a monoclonal antibody targeting mouse Delta-like protein 4 (DLL4), and in in vivo mouse studies, it is primarily used to neutralize DLL4 activity, thereby modulating the Notch signaling pathway.

DLL4 is a ligand expressed on vascular endothelium and plays a crucial role in embryonic vascular development and angiogenesis. The HMD4-2 antibody is administered to mice to block DLL4 function, which allows researchers to study:

• The role of DLL4-Notch signaling in processes such as vascular development, tissue regeneration, and disease models like cancer and liver fibrosis.
• The impact of DLL4 blockade on tumor angiogenesis, as inhibiting DLL4 can disrupt normal blood vessel formation, resulting in non-productive angiogenesis and suppressed tumor growth.

Typical applications include:

• In vivo neutralization of DLL4 in mouse models, achieved by systemic administration of the antibody (usually through intraperitoneal or intravenous injection).
• Assessment of downstream effects such as changes in endothelial cell function, vessel formation, and tissue homeostasis.

The antibody is also used in combination with other experimental interventions to dissect the functional consequences of DLL4 signaling in the context of inflammation, immune cell recruitment, or tissue remodeling.

In summary, clone HMD4-2 is a well-established tool for in vivo neutralization of DLL4 in mice, often used in studies investigating vascular biology, developmental processes, and tumor biology, by blocking this key Notch ligand.

The antibody HMD4-2 specifically recognizes Delta-like protein 4 (DLL4), a Notch ligand implicated in vascular development and angiogenesis. In the literature, studies using HMD4-2 often include several other key antibodies and proteins for comparative analysis, pathway elucidation, or cellular identification, especially in the context of angiogenesis and Notch signaling pathways.

Commonly reported antibodies or proteins used alongside HMD4-2 include:

• Notch Receptors (Notch1, Notch4): Since DLL4 interacts directly with Notch receptors, antibodies against Notch1 and Notch4 are frequently employed to assess receptor-ligand interactions in endothelial cells and tissues.

• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF): DLL4 expression is upregulated by VEGF, so VEGF antibodies or protein detection assays are often included in studies to investigate upstream regulation or combined effects on angiogenesis.

• Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF): Like VEGF, bFGF is another regulator of DLL4 expression, making it a common target for co-detection or functional studies.

• Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF1?): Because hypoxic conditions via HIF1? can induce DLL4 expression, detection of HIF1? is commonly paired with DLL4 analysis in studies of ischemia or tumor angiogenesis.

• Endothelial Cell Markers (CD31, CD34): To confirm the vascular or endothelial nature of DLL4-expressing cells, CD31 or CD34 antibodies are routinely used in immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry panels.

• Other Notch Ligands (Jagged1, DLL1): Comparative or multiplexed analysis may include antibodies against other Notch ligands to delineate the relative contributions of DLL4 versus alternate pathway inputs.

Additionally, anti-angiogenesis markers and other cell-type specific markers might be used depending on the study design and biological system under investigation.

Together, these reagents help define the role of DLL4 and the impact of its blockade or modulation in the broader context of Notch pathway biology and vascular development. Directly cited usage of HMD4-2 with these proteins is most consistently reported in studies of developmental angiogenesis, tumor models, and cellular signaling in the context of vascular biology.

Clone HMD4-2 is a hamster monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes mouse Delta-like protein 4 (DLL4), a crucial ligand in the Notch signaling pathway. This antibody has been extensively cited and utilized in scientific literature for its role in studying vascular and cancer biology, especially regarding DLL4-mediated processes.

Key findings from citations and applications of clone HMD4-2 include:

• Specificity and Usage: HMD4-2 selectively binds to mouse DLL4, enabling its detection in various experimental applications such as flow cytometry (FC), fluorescence microscopy (FN), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). It is used to study DLL4 expression patterns in vascular endothelium and tumor tissues.

• DLL4 and Notch Signaling: DLL4 is one of the five primary ligands activating Notch receptors (Notch1–4). Notch pathway activation via DLL4 is essential for vascular development during embryogenesis and is implicated in the regulation of angiogenesis in adult tissues.

• Role in Cancer: DLL4 expression, as assessed using HMD4-2, has been linked to pathological angiogenesis in several cancers, including renal cell, pancreatic, bladder, and colon cancers. Interference with DLL4 signaling, such as by antibody blockade using HMD4-2, can inhibit tumor growth by inducing non-productive angiogenesis—where new blood vessels form abnormally, limiting tumor oxygenation and growth.

• VEGF and DLL4 Expression: Studies leveraging clone HMD4-2 demonstrate that DLL4 levels in endothelial cells are upregulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1?).

Summary of Impact in Literature:

• Essential tool for dissecting DLL4 function in developmental and cancer angiogenesis.
• Facilitates studies on the mechanisms of Notch signaling regulation and its downstream effects through precise detection and blockade of DLL4.
• Supports translational research aiming to disrupt DLL4/Notch signaling as a strategy in anti-angiogenic cancer therapy.

No direct citations for HMD4-2 were provided in the search results beyond detailed antibody product descriptions and their established research applications, but these sources summarize the key research findings attributed to studies utilizing this clone. If more granular or primary-lit citations are required (e.g., in vivo studies or clinical results), a direct search in databases like PubMed using "HMD4-2 AND DLL4" may be necessary.