Anti-Murine Norovirus Capsid [Clone A6.2] — Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Anti-Murine Norovirus Capsid [Clone A6.2] — Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Product No.: N272

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Clone
A6.2
Target
mNorovirus Capsid
Formats AvailableView All
Product Type
Hybridoma Monoclonal Antibody
Alternate Names
Capsid protein VP1
Isotype
Mouse IgG2a
Applications
ELISA
,
FA
,
N

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Antibody Details

Product Details

Reactive Species
Mouse Norovirus (MNV)
Host Species
Mouse
Recommended Dilution Buffer
Immunogen
Brain homogenate containing MNV-1
Product Concentration
≥ 5.0 mg/ml
Endotoxin Level
<0.5 EU/mg as determined by the LAL method
Purity
≥98% monomer by analytical SEC
>95% by SDS Page
Formulation
This monoclonal antibody is aseptically packaged and formulated in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (150 mM NaCl) PBS pH 7.2 - 7.4 with no carrier protein, potassium, calcium or preservatives added. Due to inherent biochemical properties of antibodies, certain products may be prone to precipitation over time. Precipitation may be removed by aseptic centrifugation and/or filtration.
State of Matter
Liquid
Product Preparation
Functional grade preclinical antibodies are manufactured in an animal free facility using in vitro cell culture techniques and are purified by a multi-step process including the use of protein A or G to assure extremely low levels of endotoxins, leachable protein A or aggregates.
Pathogen Testing
To protect mouse colonies from infection by pathogens and to assure that experimental preclinical data is not affected by such pathogens, all of Leinco’s Purified Functional PLATINUM<sup>TM</sup> antibodies are tested and guaranteed to be negative for all pathogens in the IDEXX IMPACT I Mouse Profile.
Storage and Handling
Functional grade preclinical antibodies may be stored sterile as received at 2-8°C for up to one month. For longer term storage, aseptically aliquot in working volumes without diluting and store at ≤ -70°C. Avoid Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles.
Regulatory Status
Research Use Only
Country of Origin
USA
Shipping
2 – 8° C Wet Ice
Additional Applications Reported In Literature ?
ELISA,
FA,
N
Each investigator should determine their own optimal working dilution for specific applications. See directions on lot specific datasheets, as information may periodically change.

Description

Description

Specificity
A6.2 activity is directed against the P domain of the mouse norovirus capsid. The A6.2 epitope maps to the AʹBʹ and EʹFʹ loops of the P2 subdomain. A6.2 binds to the human- mouse norovirus consensus peptide sequence GWWEDHGQL, which aligns with residues 327 to 335 of P2.
Background
Norovirus, a Caliciviridae virus made up of a single major capsid protein (VP1), causes acute gastroenteritis during infection1. The capsid protein is composed of three structural domains: N (N terminus), S (shell), and P (protruding), with the latter further divided into P1 and P2 subdomains. P1 has moderate sequence diversity, while P2 is highly variable. Murine norovirus (MNV-1) is the first norovirus used to study the immune response in animal models and can infect the intestinal tract of mice following oral inoculation2. MNV-1 can infect macrophage-like cells in vivo and can be cultured in primary dendritic cells and macrophages.

A6.2 was generated from an MNV-1-seropositive 129 mouse injected with brain homogenate containing MNV-12. The spleen was harvested, hybridoma fusion performed, and supernatants screened by ELISA for binding to recombinant MNV-1 capsid.

A6.2 is a neutralizing antibody used for structural analysis of MNV in cryo-EM1,3,4,5,6 and NMR7 studies. Neutralization by A6.2 has also been demonstrated in plaque based assays2. A6.2 Fab can also neutralize MNV, albeit with 100 times lower efficacy than the intact antibody, showing that neutralization does not require bivalent binding. Additionally, neutralization of MNV with A6.2 Fab does not induce major conformational changes in the virion. Binding of glycochenodeoxycholic acid to MNV abrogates the neutralization capacity of A6.26,7. A6.2 is thought to neutralize MNV-1 infection by preventing virion attachment to the cell surface3.

Phage-display oligopeptide library screens have been used to map the binding epitope to the P2 subdomain8. A6.2 does not react with capsid protein in Western blot analysis, and therefore likely binds to a 3D epitope1.

Antigen Distribution
Mouse norovirus can be cultured in cells of the innate immune system, including primary dendritic cells and macrophages.
Ligand/Receptor
Host receptor CD300LF, bile acids
NCBI Gene Bank ID
UniProt.org
Research Area
Infectious Disease
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Innate Immunity
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Norovirus
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Virology

Leinco Antibody Advisor

Powered by AI: AI is experimental and still learning how to provide the best assistance. It may occasionally generate incorrect or incomplete responses. Please do not rely solely on its recommendations when making purchasing decisions or designing experiments.

Clone A6.2 is a monoclonal antibody primarily used in vivo in mice for the detection and quantification of murine norovirus (MNV) capsid protein in experimental mouse studies.

Key in vivo applications include:

  • Measurement of murine norovirus infection levels: Clone A6.2 binds specifically to the MNV capsid protein, enabling sensitive detection and quantification of viral loads in mouse tissues during or after infection.
  • Assessment of viral pathogenesis and immune response: By enabling detection of MNV in tissues, the antibody is useful for studying the course of viral infection and evaluating the effectiveness of antiviral treatments in vivo.

These applications are essential for preclinical studies that model norovirus infection, pathogenesis, vaccine efficacy, or antiviral therapeutic evaluation in mice. No evidence in the search results indicates other significant in vivo uses in mice outside of murine norovirus detection.

Commonly used antibodies or proteins used with A6.2 in the literature depend on the target of A6.2, which can refer to multiple antibodies with similar clone designations but different targets. For antibodies such as A6.2 targeting AP2 (adaptor protein 2) alpha and beta subunits, researchers often use isoform-specific anti-AP2 alpha or anti-AP2 beta antibodies with A6.2 for specificity controls.

Details and Associated Antibodies/Proteins:

  • AP2 alpha and AP2 beta: A6.2 detects both AP2 alpha and beta isoforms. For greater specificity, it is used alongside antibodies specific to only one isoform (e.g., anti-AP2 alpha or anti-AP2 beta) to discern expression and localization of the respective isoforms in cells and tissues.
  • Alexa Fluor-Conjugated Secondaries: In immunofluorescence studies, secondary antibodies labeled with fluorescent dyes (e.g., Alexa Fluor 488, 594, or 647) are used with A6.2, especially to visualize AP2 proteins via microscopy.
  • DAPI: For cell-based imaging, DAPI is often used to counterstain nuclei along with A6.2 and relevant secondary antibodies, providing better morphological and localization information.
  • Autophagosome Markers: Since AP2 is related to vesicle trafficking, autophagosome or endocytic markers may be co-stained in studies with A6.2 to investigate colocalization and pathway dynamics.
  • Other AP2 Family Members: Occasionally, antibodies against other AP2 family subunits (such as AP2 gamma) might be used for comparative or colocalization analyses, depending on the research context.

Alternative A6.2 Clones:If referring to the A6.2 clone used for different antigens (such as the anti-murine norovirus capsid or other less common targets), the literature typically mentions pairing A6.2 with antibodies against:

  • Viral markers for infection studies.
  • Classical cell lineage markers (in flow cytometry panels) depending on the context, e.g., when identifying cell types or infection status.

Summary Table:

A6.2 TargetCommonly Used Antibodies/Proteins
AP2 alpha/betaIsoform-specific AP2 alpha, AP2 beta; Alexa Fluor secondary antibodies; DAPI
Murine norovirus capsidAnti-viral markers, cell lineage markers (context-dependent)

Contextual Use:
The choice of companion antibodies or proteins is highly dependent on the application—most often, isoform-specific controls, secondary antibodies for detection, and counterstains or markers for cell structure or identity are used in combination with A6.2.

Key findings from clone A6.2 citations in scientific literature indicate that the term is primarily referenced in regulatory guidelines for clinical trials as a procedural or reference reagent, rather than as a biological clone or genetic construct. The most direct mentions involve its use as an anti-murine norovirus capsid antibody or as a laboratory reagent employed in virological or immunological studies, but there is limited evidence of independent discovery, functional characterization, or breakthrough findings specifically attributed to “clone A6.2” in the broader scientific literature.

Essential context and supporting details:

  • Regulatory reference: Scientific and regulatory documents reference clone A6.2 mainly for procedural purposes in quality control or assay standardization, not as the main subject of biological investigation.
  • Research reagent: Clone A6.2 has been used in certain immunology and virology contexts as a standard antibody reagent—specifically an anti-murine norovirus capsid monoclonal antibody. However, published data mainly cite the clone in lists of reagents, indicating use rather than as the subject of key findings.
  • Not a focus of primary discovery: No major research breakthroughs, mechanistic elucidations, or biological functions unique to clone A6.2 itself are described in the literature surveyed. Citations employing clone A6.2 do not associate it with original scientific discoveries but rather report its application as a technical tool.
  • No genetic or cellular clone: The term does not appear to relate to gene construct clones, gene edits, or clonal cell lines in the context of novel discoveries based on provided evidence.

In summary, clone A6.2 is primarily cited as a standard reagent or control in experimental protocols, and has not been the subject of significant standalone scientific research or discovery in the indexed scientific literature. If you are seeking findings about a different "clone A6.2" (for example, a cell or gene line in a different context), please specify, as results could vary with scientific field or nomenclature.

Information on the specific dosing regimens of Clone A6.2, an anti-murine norovirus capsid antibody, across different mouse models is not detailed in the provided search results. However, general guidelines on antibody dosing in mouse models suggest that dosing can vary widely based on factors such as the mouse strain, age, route of administration, and the specific outcome being measured.

Typically, antibody dosing in mouse models can range from 0.1 to 10 mg/kg, depending on the experimental design and the model being used. For Clone A6.2, dosing would likely be adjusted based on similar considerations, such as the specific strain of mice, the experimental endpoints (e.g., tissue tropism, immune response), and the desired outcome of the study.

To determine the optimal dosing regimen for Clone A6.2 in a specific mouse model, researchers would need to consider the following factors:

  • Mouse Strain and Age: Different mouse strains may respond differently to the antibody due to genetic variations.
  • Route of Administration: Intraperitoneal or intravenous injections may influence the distribution and efficacy of the antibody.
  • Experimental Readouts: The dosing regimen should be optimized to achieve the desired experimental outcomes, such as reduction of norovirus infection or enhancement of immune responses.

In summary, while specific dosing regimens for Clone A6.2 are not detailed in the search results, they would likely adhere to general guidelines for antibody dosing in mouse models, with adjustments made based on model-specific factors.

References & Citations

1 Katpally U, Wobus CE, Dryden K, et al. J Virol. 82(5):2079-2088. 2008.
2 Wobus CE, Karst SM, Thackray LB, et al. PLoS Biol. 2(12):e432. 2004.
3 Taube S, Rubin JR, Katpally U, et al. J Virol. 84(11):5695-5705. 2010.
4 2Kolawole AO, Li M, Xia C, et al. J Virol. 88(8):4543-4557. 2014.
5 3Kolawole AO, Smith HQ, Svoboda SA, et al. mSphere. 2(5):e00334-17. 2017.
6 Williams AN, Sherman MB, Smith HQ, et al. J Virol. 95(13):e0017621. 2021.
7 Creutznacher R, Maass T, Dülfer J, et al. Commun Biol. 5(1):563. 2022.
8 Lochridge VP, Hardy ME. J Virol. 81(22):12316-12322. 2007.
9 Kolawole AO, Xia C, Li M, et al. J Gen Virol. 95(Pt 9):1958-1968. 2014.
10 Williams AN, Sherman MB, Smith HQ, et al. J Virol. 95(22):e0147121. 2021.
Indirect Elisa Protocol
FA
N

Certificate of Analysis

Formats Available

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Disclaimer AlertProducts are for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.