Armenian Hamster IgG Isotype Control F(ab’)2 fragment [Clone PIP] — Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Common In Vivo Applications of Clone PIP in Mice

Definition and Nature of Clone PIP

The term "clone PIP" in this context refers to the Armenian Hamster IgG isotype control antibody clone PIP, produced by Leinco Technologies. It is important to note that PIP is not a specific target antigen, but rather an isotype control: a non-reactive antibody matched to the class (e.g., IgG) and type (e.g., Armenian Hamster) of the primary antibody used in experiments, intended to control for non-specific binding and background signal.

However, there seems to be some confusion or ambiguity in the literature referenced here: several sources mention that "clone PIP (prolactin-inducible protein) is primarily used to investigate its roles in immunity, cancer progression, and host defense by employing both PIP knockout mice and syngeneic murine tumor models with PIP-expressing cell lines". This suggests a conflation between the Armenian Hamster IgG clone PIP (an isotype control) and the prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), which is an unrelated protein that participates in human breast cancer biology and has been studied in mouse models via knockout and overexpression systems.

Clarifying the Context

Isotype Control Antibody (Clone PIP)

• Primary use: As an isotype-matched negative control in antibody-based experiments (e.g., flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, in vivo antibody administration) to differentiate specific antibody binding from non-specific background signal.
• No biological activity: The clone PIP Armenian Hamster IgG control does not target any antigen and is not used to investigate biological functions; it is purely a tool for experimental rigor.
• Applications in vivo: If administered in vivo, its purpose is to serve as a control for non-specific effects when testing primary antibodies of the same isotype (e.g., Armenian Hamster IgG monoclonal antibodies).

Prolactin-Inducible Protein (PIP) Gene Product

• Biological relevance: PIP is a protein associated with human breast ductal epithelium and has been studied in the context of immunity, cancer progression, and host defense.
• Mouse models: Research into PIP’s biological roles has employed PIP knockout mice and syngeneic murine tumor models engineered to express PIP, aiming to mimic or disrupt PIP function to study its impact on tumor biology and host response.
• Reported applications: Investigating PIP’s involvement in cancer progression, immune modulation, and host defense mechanisms, primarily in breast cancer models.

Summary Table: Clone PIP vs. PIP Protein

Key Takeaways

• Clone PIP as an isotype control is used in vivo to rule out non-specific effects when testing Armenian Hamster-derived primary antibodies in mouse models, but it has no direct biological effect.
• Prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), if referenced in the context of knockout or overexpression, is studied in mouse models to understand its roles in immunity, cancer, and host defense, but this is unrelated to the Armenian Hamster IgG clone PIP.
• Careful attention to context is necessary when encountering "clone PIP" in the literature, as it may refer either to a generic isotype control or (erroneously or ambiguously) to the PIP protein and its associated genetic models.

If you are seeking applications specifically for the Armenian Hamster IgG clone PIP, its in vivo use is strictly as a non-reactive, isotype-matched control in antibody experiments. If you are interested in prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) and its biological roles in mice, the focus is on gene knockout and overexpression models to study cancer, immunity, and host defense. Clarification from the original source is recommended if the distinction is unclear.

Commonly used antibodies or proteins studied with PIP (which can refer to either phosphatidylinositol phosphates or prolactin-induced protein, depending on context) are typically chosen based on the specific PIP species and research focus. Here are examples for both major contexts:

1. Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates (PIPs) in Cell Signaling/Trafficking

Antibodies and proteins frequently used in literature alongside PIPs (like PI4P, PI(4,5)P2, and PI(3,4,5)P3) include:

• Organellar markers
  Proteins that define organelle identity, such as EEA1 (early endosomes), GM130 (Golgi), and LAMP1 (lysosomes), are often co-stained to map PIP localization.

• Phosphoinositide-binding domains
  Fusion proteins using domains like PH-PLCδ1 (which binds PI(4,5)P2) are used as markers or competitors for PIP detection in cells.

• Kinases/Phosphatases
  Antibodies against enzymes involved in PIP metabolism, such as PIP5K1A/B/C, PTEN, INPP5D (SHIP1), and PI3K, are used to assess pathway activation or subcellular distribution.

• Functional pathway proteins
  Proteins functionally linked to PIPs – such as CAPS, Munc13, synaptotagmin-1 (for vesicle fusion), and actin (for cytoskeletal changes) – are probed to study downstream effects.

• Control/Isotype antibodies and other PIP species
  In comparative or specificity studies, antibodies to related lipid species like cardiolipin or to different PIPs (e.g., anti-PI4P, anti-PI(3,4,5)P3) are included.

2. Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) in Cancer/Immunology

• Apoptosis signaling proteins
  Commonly paired antibodies target proteins like CRADD, DAPK1, and CD40 to evaluate apoptosis or immune signaling alongside PIP expression.

• Cell signaling and proliferation markers
  Antibodies to JNK1/2, tubulin (as loading control), or PCNA (proliferation marker) are often used with anti-PIP antibodies to dissect pathway effects.

• Actin and cytoskeletal proteins
  Since PIP (prolactin-induced protein) is also described as a secretory actin-binding protein, actin and associated cytoskeletal markers are probed concurrently in some studies.

• Isotype controls
  Armenian Hamster IgG and mouse/rabbit isotype controls are standard alongside experimental anti-PIP antibodies for specificity controls.

Summary Table: Commonly Used Antibodies/Proteins with PIP

If your context is specifically phosphatidylinositol phosphates or prolactin-induced protein, the precise set of companion markers or antibodies may differ as shown above.

Key findings from scientific literature referencing “clone PIP” or related “PIP” clones show the molecule’s roles in immunoregulation, cancer biology, cell signaling, virulence, and biotechnology.

Key findings include:

• Immunoregulatory and Cell-Mediated Immunity Role: Prolactin-induced protein (PIP) is strongly implicated in regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Knockout models demonstrate PIP’s critical role in the maturation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells, cytokine production by antigen-presenting cells, and increased susceptibility to infections. This is further supported by altered cytokine profiles (e.g., reduced IL-6, IL-12p40, TNF) and decreased phosphorylation of immune signaling proteins in PIP-deficient mice, highlighting its importance in Th1-type immune responses.

• Role in Cancer Biology: PIP is functionally associated with breast cancer development, modulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, and DNA replication machinery. Silencing PIP alters phosphorylation of specific kinases (such as FAK and FYN) and disrupts key oncogenic transcription networks centered around cMYC and cJUN. Elevated PIP levels sensitize breast cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs, supporting its potential as a prognostic marker or therapeutic target.

• Molecular Mechanisms and Hybrid Pathotypes: In microbiology, PIP-associated genes are involved in phenotype modulation, including the production of secondary metabolites and signaling molecules in bacteria (e.g., phenazine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas via the pip gene clone). In E. coli pathotyping, pipelines leveraging PIP-related markers provide precise identification of classical and hybrid pathogenic types, with critical insights into horizontal gene transfer, virulence, and evolutionary adaptation.

• Protein-Protein Interactions: Structural analyses show that the interaction domains of clone PIP, particularly in transcription factor networks (such as Pip and PU.1), are crucial for functional heterodimerization, impacting gene regulation in immune or developmental contexts.

• Biotechnological Uses: Clone PIP reagents (such as Armenian Hamster IgG isotype controls) are used in immunoassays to serve as benchmarks for assessing antibody specificity, further supporting its application as a research tool.

Summary Table of Core Roles Identified from “clone PIP” Citations

These findings illustrate clone PIP’s diverse scientific relevance, spanning basic immunology, cancer research, microbial pathogenesis, and biotechnological tool development.

Based on the available search results, there is limited specific information about dosing regimens for clone PIP across different mouse models. The search results primarily discuss dosing regimens for piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) antibiotics and other drugs in mouse models, rather than clone PIP as a biological reagent.

Piperacillin/Tazobactam Dosing in Mouse Models

For antimicrobial studies using piperacillin/tazobactam in mice, researchers have developed humanized dosing regimens to mimic clinical therapeutic exposure. One established protocol involves administering multiple subcutaneous doses over a 6-hour period: mice receive TZP 500/62.5 mg/kg at baseline, followed by 200/25 mg/kg at 25 minutes, and 100/12.5 mg/kg at 2.5 hours. Another study utilized PIP dosing at either 120 or 240 mg/kg across three different regimens.

General Principles for Mouse Dosing

The search results indicate that dosing regimens often require higher doses on a mg/kg basis in mice compared to humans to achieve similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. This is because mice have different metabolism and physiology compared to humans, affecting drug clearance rates and exposure times.

Limited Information on Clone PIP

While one search result mentions clone H22 (a murine hepatoma cell line) having varying dosing regimens across different mouse models, specific details about clone PIP dosing strategies are not provided in the available sources. Without additional specific information, it is not possible to provide comprehensive details about how clone PIP dosing regimens vary across different mouse model applications.