Recombinant Human TGF-β3

Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3), also known as TGFB3, is a member of the TGF beta family of growth factors along with TGF-β1 and -2. The members of this family can be expressed by most cell types and are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1). These cytokines are secreted in precursor form consisting of a bioactive C-terminal domain attached to an N-terminal domain known as latency associated protein (LAP). Cleavage of LAP results in the mature protein, which functions as a disulfide-linked homodimer. TGF-β3 and these homodimers of LAP remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the latent TGF-β3 complex (2). Activation of this latent complex is accomplished by actions from plasmin, MMPs, thrombospondin 1 and some integrins (3). The receptor for TGF-β3 is TGF-β RII which phosphorylates, and activates another receptor, either ALK-5 or ALK-1. This second complex activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. TGF-β3 is involved in oxygen-dependent differentiation processes during placental development and pregnancy disorders (4) and it also plays an important role in wound repair and scarring (5). TGF-β3 is believed to regulate molecules involved in cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation during the process of palate development, without it, mammals develop a deformity known as a cleft palate (6). Similarly, TGF-β3 also plays an essential role in controlling the development of lungs in mammals, also by regulating cell adhesion and ECM formation in this tissue (6). Defects in the TGF-β3 gene are a cause of familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 1 (ARVD1) (7). ARVD1 is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by partial degeneration of the myocardium of the right ventricle, electrical instability and sudden death.

The biological activity of Human TGF-β3 was determined by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of mouse HT-2 cells. The expected ED₅₀ for this effect is typically 0.03 - 0.08 ng/ml.

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Ala301

Lyophilized

The predicted molecular weight of Recombinant Human TGF-β3 is Mr 12.7 kDa. However, the actual molecular weight as observed by migration on SDS-PAGE is 12 kDa (reducing conditions) and 24 kDa (non-reducing conditions).

This recombinant protein was lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in 40% acetonitrile (CH₃CN) and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA).

This lyophilized protein is stable for six to twelve months when stored desiccated at -20°C to -70°C. After aseptic reconstitution, this protein may be stored at 2°C to 8°C for one month or at -20°C to -70°C in a manual defrost freezer. Avoid Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles. See Product Insert for exact lot specific storage instructions.

Next Day Ambient

1. Sporn, MB. et al. (2006) Cytokine Growth factor Rev. 17:3
2. Derynck, R. et al. (1988) EMBO J. 7:3737
3. Oklu, R. et al. (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601
4. Wenger, RH. et al. (2003) Placenta 24:941
5. Bandyopadhyay, B. et al. (2006) J. Cell. Biol. 172:1093
6. Kaartinen, V. et al. (1995) Nat. Genet. 11:415
7. Nattel, S. et al. (2005) Cardiovasc. Res. 65:302