Anti-LCMV nucleoprotein – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Clone VL-4 is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the nucleoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and its most common in vivo applications in mice center on the detection, quantification, and tracking of LCMV-infected cells during experimental viral infection studies.

Key in vivo applications of clone VL-4 in mice include:

• Identification of LCMV-infected cells: VL-4 antibody stains the nucleoprotein inside cells that are infected with LCMV, allowing researchers to detect and analyze the spread and localization of infection in vivo using techniques such as immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry.
• Distinguishing viral infection: VL-4 is specific to LCMV nucleoprotein and does not cross-react with nucleoproteins from other viruses such as influenza, vaccinia, or vesicular stomatitis virus, ensuring specificity in studies involving multiple pathogens.
• Quantification of viral replication and tissue tropism: By binding to LCMV nucleoprotein within infected cells, VL-4 enables quantification of viral infection levels in tissues, assessment of viral replication kinetics, and investigation of immune responses to the virus in living mice.
• Pathogenesis and immune response research: The antibody facilitates detailed studies of the pathogenesis of LCMV and evaluation of immune-cell responses (such as T-cell dynamics) by providing a marker for infected cells in vivo.

VL-4 is not used for cell depletion or neutralization; its role is mainly for detection of LCMV infection and histological/flow cytometric analysis in mouse models.

Alternative interpretations:

• While VL-4's principal application is infection research with LCMV in mice, other clones (such as PS/2, GK1.5, or those targeting integrins and immune markers) are used for in vivo cell depletion, neutralization, or immune modulation, but these are unrelated to VL-4.

VL-4 is a monoclonal antibody widely used for detection of LCMV nucleoprotein in research on Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV). In the literature, VL-4 is commonly used alongside other antibodies and reagents to study viral infection, immune responses, and related cellular proteins.

Frequently co-used antibodies or proteins with VL-4 include:

• Antibodies against other LCMV proteins: Researchers often use VL-4 in conjunction with antibodies targeting additional LCMV proteins such as the viral glycoprotein (GP), or LCMV surface antigens to study different stages and components of infection.

• Markers for immune cell identification: In flow cytometry, VL-4 is frequently used together with lineage-specific antibodies (e.g., CD3 for T cells, CD4, CD8, CD19 for B cells) to identify and isolate infected cell populations within heterogeneous samples.

• Functional/activation state markers: It is common for VL-4 to be paired with antibodies that mark cell activation or differentiation (such as CD69, CD44, CD62L) for immunophenotyping during viral infection or immune response studies.

• Detection reagents for cytokines or signaling molecules: VL-4 can be used alongside antibodies against cytokines (e.g., IFNγ, TNFα, IL-6), or signaling proteins (e.g., phospho-STAT family members), to correlate LCMV infection status with cellular function or immune activation.

• Secondary antibodies and conjugates: VL-4 is frequently conjugated to fluorophores (such as Alexa 647) for flow cytometry or immunofluorescence, and is often used with species-specific secondary antibodies for signal amplification and detection.

• Other viral infection controls: For comparative or control purposes, papers sometimes include antibodies against nucleoproteins from other viruses (such as influenza, VSV, or other arenaviruses) when studying cross-reactivity, specificity, or multiplex assays.

Practical applications:

• VL-4 is used in assays such as ELISA, flow cytometry (FC), immunofluorescence (IF), immunocytochemistry (ICC), and focus formation assays (FFA).
• Key papers pair VL-4 with markers to monitor LCMV replication, immune response, or tissue localization.

Summary Table: Commonly Used Antibody Types with VL-4

VL-4’s role as an anchor for detection is typically enhanced by simultaneous use of these markers, giving broader immunological or virological context in experimental settings.

Scientific literature does not indicate a well-known antibody or cell line called “clone VL-4” with widely cited, recognized key findings as of the current knowledge and available search results. It is possible you may be referring to a less-studied or newly described clone, or there may be ambiguity with similar-sounding clones (e.g., “VL4,” “4.24.1,” or specific antibodies/viral strains with “VL” or “4” in their designation).

Context based on available literature and citations:

• No direct, substantive findings are reported for a “clone VL-4” in major immunology, virology, cancer, or molecular biology contexts according to indexed search results.
• There are numerous studies and well-characterized findings related to various immunological and virological clones (examples: LCMV Clone 13 in viral persistence, CD4 T cell clones in malaria, anti-mouse antibodies, etc.)—but none pertaining to “VL-4.”
• If your query concerns a specific antibody, protein, viral, or cell clone, please clarify additional identifying details (species, intended application, antigen target, etc.) so that results can be narrowed with precision.

If “clone VL-4” refers to a newly published or niche reagent:

• Scientific findings for niche or recent clones are typically documented in the original publication describing the generation and validation of that clone.
• Key findings are usually focused on specificity, affinity, cross-reactivity, and applications (e.g., flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, functional assays).
• Absent specific indexed citations, further details can often be found in reagent supplier data sheets or direct correspondence with the authors or developers.

In summary, there are no significant or widely-cited scientific findings associated with “clone VL-4” in major literature databases, and clarification or further details could assist in identifying relevant citations or findings.

The search results do not provide specific information on the dosing regimens of clone VL-4 across different mouse models. However, they do offer general guidance on dosing regimens for other antibodies in mouse models.

For example, dosing regimens can vary significantly based on the target and application:

• Anti-PD-1 Antibodies (e.g., RMP1-14): Typically dosed at 200-500 μg per mouse, administered intraperitoneally, with dosing every 3-4 days.
• Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies (e.g., 10F.9G2): Usually dosed at 100-250 μg per mouse, administered intraperitoneally, with dosing 2-3 times per week.
• Anti-CTLA-4 Antibodies (e.g., 9H10): Commonly dosed at 100-200 μg per mouse, administered intraperitoneally, with dosing every 3 days.

To determine the optimal dosing regimen for clone VL-4, it would be important to consider the specific target, the model's sensitivity, and the experimental goals. This might involve consulting specific studies or protocols related to clone VL-4 or similar antibodies.