Anti-Mouse CD200R [Clone OX-131] — Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Clone OX-131 does not appear in any of the provided search results as a recognized monoclonal antibody used for in vivo applications in mice, and there is no evidence or documentation regarding its use, specificity, or target protein in these sources. The closest matches are other clones with similar numeral designations (OX-20, OX-97, etc.), but not OX-131.

If you are referring to clone OX-131, there is no information on its antigen target, typical experimental application (such as cell depletion, receptor blockade, immunophenotyping, or therapeutic intervention), or documentation in in vivo mouse studies in the current literature or commercial antibody databases within the retrieved results. It is possible the clone is either very new/obscure, misnamed, or not widely used or available.

For the most common in vivo applications of well-catalogued monoclonal antibodies in mice, they include:

• Cell depletion studies (e.g., targeting cell surface markers to deplete specific cell types).
• Functional blockade of receptors (inhibition of ligand binding or signaling pathways).
• Tissue or cell targeting for imaging or tracking.
• Manipulation of immune responses (activation or inhibition of immune cell subsets).

If you can clarify whether OX-131 refers to a specific target or provide more context, a more targeted answer could be provided. Otherwise, as of now, there is no documented or commonly recognized in vivo application of clone OX-131 in mice according to available sources.

Commonly used antibodies or proteins studied alongside OX-131 (more fully known as monoclonal antibody 131–2a) in the literature are primarily other monoclonal antibodies that recognize defined antigenic sites on the RSV fusion (F) protein. This combinatorial use is essential for mapping antigenic sites, distinguishing protein conformations, and performing detailed serological or structural studies.

Key antibodies/proteins commonly used with OX-131 (131–2a):

• D25: Binds specifically to the prefusion conformation of RSV F protein (site Ø), widely used to distinguish prefusion from postfusion forms.
• Palivizumab (Synagis): Targets antigenic site II of both RSV F conformations and serves as a clinically relevant comparator.
• Motavizumab: An affinity-matured version of palivizumab, targeting site II.
• MOTA: Recognizes additional conformational epitopes on RSV F.
• Fusion protein constructs: Recombinant prefusion or postfusion RSV F proteins are often used for ELISA, Western blot, or crystallography alongside 131–2a.

Purpose of Combining These Antibodies:

• Epitope mapping: Defining antigenic sites I–V and site Ø on RSV-F, with OX-131 (131–2a) being unique for site I (postfusion-specific).
• Serological profiling: Distinguishing antibody responses specific to prefusion or postfusion F in infections or vaccine studies.
• Structural biology: Confirming conformational states of recombinant or native F proteins.

Other relevant proteins:

• His-tagged F protein constructs for protein expression and purification.
• Secondary antibodies (anti-mouse or anti-human IgG) for detection in ELISA or immunoblot assays.

Example workflow in literature:

• Use of OX-131 with D25 and palivizumab to confirm specific binding to postfusion versus prefusion F, and to validate recombinant protein folding or antigenicity.

OX-131 (131–2a) has a unique role in distinguishing postfusion F, while D25 and palivizumab are most frequently used as key comparators for the other major antigenic sites on RSV-F.

If you are referring to a different OX-131 (e.g., in another virus or context such as orthopoxvirus antibodies), please clarify. There are several unrelated "131" antibodies referenced in other fields, but the RSV postfusion F-specific 131–2a is by far the most cited in the literature using "OX-131".

Clone OX-131 does not appear as a recognized, well-cited clone in current scientific literature; it is possible there is a confusion or typographical error in the query. The closest highly relevant clone in scientific literature is E. coli ST131 (sometimes referred to in the context of its O-antigen, such as O25b:H4 ST131), which is one of the most extensively studied, multidrug-resistant and globally disseminated extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli lineages.

Key Findings from Scientific Literature on E. coli ST131:

• Widespread Multidrug Resistance:
  ST131 is characterized by a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype, frequently carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, notably blaCTX-M-15, which are often harbored on IncF plasmids.

• Global Spread and Genetic Stability:
  The lineage has achieved intercontinental distribution, maintaining a stable core genome with limited recombination, contributing to its phylogenetic distinctness and long-term persistence as a dominant extraintestinal pathogen.

• Clade Diversity and Evolution:
  The clone comprises several clades, particularly clade C (subclades C1 and C2), which co-circulate globally, with significant flexibility in their acquired resistance genes and accessory genomes.
  Clade C evolution has involved a progressive loss of certain virulence factors, possibly as a trade-off enhancing transmission or persistence.

• Virulence Characteristics:ST131 strains often express fewer classical virulence factors than some other uropathogenic E. coli but exhibit a higher metabolic potential.
  They can outcompete other UPEC strains in some models, though their overall virulence may not always exceed that of non-ST131 counterparts.

• Mechanisms of Success:
  The success of ST131 is attributed to its ability to acquire and maintain resistance plasmids (especially IncF carrying blaCTX-M-15 and toxin-antitoxin addiction systems), adaptability to various environments, and robust metabolic traits.

Clarification:

If "clone OX-131" refers to a different organism or strain, there is currently no well-documented scientific literature using that specific clone name. The overwhelmingly cited and studied clone fitting the closest pattern is E. coli ST131.

If you intended another organism or context by "OX-131," please clarify, as there is no major scientific documentation using this clone designation based on current high-quality search results.

Dosing Regimens of Clone OX-131 in Mouse Models

No direct evidence on dosing regimens specifically for clone OX-131 across different mouse models was found in the search results. However, the available literature provides detailed guidance on dosing for a variety of other monoclonal antibody clones (e.g., anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4) in mice, which may help infer general practices—though these should not be directly extrapolated to OX-131 without experimental confirmation.

Typical Practices in Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Studies

Standard Dose Ranges

• For most in vivo monoclonal antibodies, typical doses range from 5–50 µg per mouse for standard research use, and up to 200–500 µg per mouse for immune checkpoint inhibitors.
• Dosing routes are commonly intravenous or intraperitoneal, and the schedule may be daily, every 2–3 days, or every 3–4 days, depending on the antibody’s half-life and intended biological effect.
• Published examples (e.g., for anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies) often use 100–200 µg per mouse per dose, administered intraperitoneally, with repeat dosing every 3 days or 2–3 times per week.

Model-Specific Considerations

• Tumor models (such as MC38 and B16 melanoma) often use higher doses (200 µg per dose) of anti-PD-1 due to the aggressive nature of these cancers and the need to overcome immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment.
• Chronic infection models may use similar doses but with a focus on reinvigorating exhausted T cells, rather than direct tumor targeting.
• Syngeneic, xenograft, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) may require optimization based on tumor growth dynamics, immune status, and the presence of human or mouse cells.

Potential Variability for OX-131

Given the lack of specific data on OX-131, the following points are inferred from general practices:

• Dose Optimization: The optimal dose for OX-131 would likely require empirical testing in each model, as differences in target expression, tumor biology, and immune microenvironment can alter efficacy and toxicity.
• Dosing Schedule: Regimens could vary from single high doses to repeated lower doses, depending on the half-life of OX-131 and the kinetics of the target pathway in the specific model.
• Route of Administration: Intraperitoneal or intravenous routes are most common, but the optimal route for OX-131 would need to be determined experimentally.
• Combination Therapies: If OX-131 is used with other agents (e.g., chemotherapy, checkpoint inhibitors), dosing may need adjustment to avoid toxicity or to achieve synergistic effects.

General Guidance for Novel Clones

When developing dosing regimens for a new monoclonal antibody clone like OX-131 in mice, researchers should:

• Start with published ranges for similar antibodies (e.g., 5–50 µg for standard research, 100–500 µg for immune modulation).
• Titrate doses in pilot studies to identify the minimum effective dose and maximum tolerated dose for each model.
• Monitor outcomes (tumor volume, survival, immune markers) to refine the schedule and route.
• Consider model-specific factors such as strain, sex, age, and tumor/immune context.
• Adhere to ethical guidelines for refinement and monitoring of rodent cancer models.

Summary Table: Example Dosing for Related Antibodies

These are not for OX-131, but illustrate common practices that may inform initial OX-131 regimen design.

Conclusion

There is no published evidence detailing how dosing regimens of clone OX-131 vary across mouse models. Dosing strategies should be determined empirically for each model, informed by general monoclonal antibody practices: starting with 5–50 µg (research) or 100–500 µg (immune modulation) per mouse, administered intraperitoneally or intravenously, with schedules adjusted based on observed efficacy and toxicity. Researchers must optimize for each specific model, considering strain, tumor type, immune context, and combination therapies.