Anti-Mouse CD31 (PECAM-1) [Clone 390] — Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Clone 390 is a monoclonal antibody that targets mouse CD31 (PECAM-1) and is widely used for several in vivo applications in mice. The most common applications can be grouped as follows:

• In vivo vascular labeling and imaging: Clone 390 conjugated to fluorophores is frequently used to label the endothelial cells within blood vessels, enabling visualization of the vasculature in live mice or freshly collected tissues. This technique is central to studies of angiogenesis, tumor vascularization, and vascular integrity. For example, in live tumor models, fluorescently labeled clone 390 is injected to make blood vessels visible during microscopy, image-guided surgery, or fiber-optic micronavigation.

• In vivo functional blockade of CD31: The antibody can be used to block the function of CD31 in live animals, disrupting CD31-mediated cell-cell interactions. This is crucial for investigating the role of CD31 in processes like leukocyte transmigration, endothelial barrier function, and inflammatory responses. This blocking activity is well documented for clone 390 in various functional immunological and vascular studies.

• Intravital microscopy and confocal imaging: The antibody is commonly used for intravital labeling during real-time imaging experiments to demarcate blood vessels and endothelial borders, especially in models of cancer, inflammation, or tissue injury.

• Immunophenotyping and tissue analysis: Following systemic or localized in vivo injection, clone 390 allows the identification and quantification of endothelial cells by flow cytometry or immunofluorescence imaging, helping to define tissue vascular content post-mortem.

• In vivo assessment of therapy or interventions targeting vasculature: In models of tumor ablation, vascular targeting, or tissue injury, clone 390 helps delineate changes in vessel structure and function, permitting precise analysis of therapeutic impacts on blood vessels.

Summary table of key in vivo applications:

Note: Applications involving clone 390 in in vivo studies are highly specific for mouse models due to species specificity. The blocking and imaging capabilities of this antibody have made it a standard tool in murine vascular biology, oncology, and immunology research.

In the literature, several antibodies and proteins are commonly used alongside the 390 monoclonal antibody (anti-PECAM-1). Here are a few examples:

1. MEC13.3 Antibody: This antibody is used in combination with the 390 scFv-TM fusion protein to enhance its binding affinity to muPECAM-1. The pairing of MEC13.3 with 390 scFv-TM significantly improves both the binding affinity and the therapeutic efficacy of the fusion protein, particularly in generating activated protein C (APC) .

2. Thrombomodulin (TM): The extracellular domain of TM is fused with a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) to create the 390 scFv-TM fusion protein. This construct is targeted to the 390 epitope of muPECAM-1 and is used to modulate thrombin's pro-thrombotic activity, promoting anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects .

3. Panitumumab and Nivolumab: Although not directly used with the 390 antibody, these are examples of therapeutic antibodies that target different antigens (EGFR and PD-1, respectively) and are mentioned in the broader context of antibody therapies .

These examples illustrate how different antibodies and proteins can be used in combination to enhance therapeutic effects or target specific biological pathways.

The term "clone 390" most commonly refers to a well-characterized monoclonal antibody against mouse CD31 (PECAM-1), widely used in scientific literature, particularly in immunology and vascular biology research. Based on typical citation patterns, the key findings from publications citing this clone focus on its utility in identifying and studying endothelial cells, vascular structures, and roles in inflammation and tissue regeneration.

Essential Context & Key Findings

• Specificity and Application: Clone 390 is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the mouse CD31 molecule, also known as PECAM-1, expressed primarily on endothelial cells but also on some leukocytes. It is used primarily in flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to label blood vessels, assess endothelial cell populations, and track vascular changes.

• Research Use:

  • Vascular Biology: Widely cited in studies that map, quantify, or analyze blood vessel formation, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling.
  • Inflammation and Immune Cell Trafficking: Researchers use clone 390 to study leukocyte migration across the endothelium, as CD31 is relevant in immune cell transmigration.
  • Tissue Regeneration and Pathology: Frequently cited in work examining repair processes post-injury, tumor angiogenesis, and cardiovascular disease models.

• Technical Notes: Clone 390 is valued for its high specificity and consistent performance in murine tissues, which is why it is often selected and repeatedly cited across a broad range of preclinical studies.

• Caveats and Artifacts:

  • Like other monoclonal antibodies, technical artifacts such as cross-reactivity or nonspecific binding must be carefully controlled through proper experimental design and controls.
  • Cloning and sequencing artifacts in molecular biology research (unrelated to antibody clone numbers) highlight that even with high-fidelity tools, errors such as PCR-induced mutations or chimeric artifacts can occur, emphasizing the need for rigorous verification of reagents and protocols.

Additional Considerations

• Citations and Impact: Antibodies like clone 390 are so well-established that their validation papers and datasheets are among the most highly cited sources in methods sections, helping standardize vascular and immunological assays.

• Contextual Trends: If querying about "clone 390" in broader citation dynamics or concerns about replicability, note that literature as a whole has trends where highly cited papers can sometimes be method papers, and citation counts may not always correlate directly with experimental robustness.

If your query pertains to a different "clone 390" (e.g., cell line, gene), please specify for more targeted findings.

There is limited specific information available about the dosing regimens of clone 390 in different mouse models. Clone 390 is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to CD31 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule) in mice.

In general, dosing regimens for antibodies in mouse models can vary significantly based on the target antigen, the specific application (e.g., therapeutic, diagnostic, or research), the model being used (e.g., syngeneic vs. xenograft), and the desired outcome. For example, antibodies targeting immune checkpoint molecules like PD-1 or PD-L1 often use intraperitoneal injections and are dosed every few days depending on the model and the specific clone used.

For clone 390 specifically, there is no detailed dosing regimen information provided in the available sources. However, it is mentioned that lower doses (<800 ng) are insufficient for reliable detection, and combining clone 390 with other clones at the same dose (1200 ng each) can improve its effectiveness. This suggests that the dosing regimen for clone 390 might need to be tailored based on the experimental design and goals, similar to how other antibodies are used in mouse models.

As with any antibody dosing in mouse models, it is crucial to optimize the dose and schedule based on specific experimental requirements to ensure efficacy and safety.