Anti-Mouse CD4 (Clone YTS191) – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Anti-Mouse CD4 (Clone YTS191) – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Product No.: C3220

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Clone
YTS191
Target
CD4
Formats AvailableView All
Product Type
Monoclonal Antibody
Isotype
Rat IgG2b κ
Applications
Depletion
,
FC
,
IHC FF
,
in vivo
,
WB

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Select Product Size
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Antibody Details

Product Details

Reactive Species
Mouse
Host Species
Rat
Recommended Isotype Controls
Recommended Dilution Buffer
Immunogen
Unknown
Product Concentration
≥ 5.0 mg/ml
Endotoxin Level
< 1.0 EU/mg as determined by the LAL method
Purity
≥95% monomer by analytical SEC
>95% by SDS Page
Formulation
This monoclonal antibody is aseptically packaged and formulated in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (150 mM NaCl) PBS pH 7.2 - 7.4 with no carrier protein, potassium, calcium or preservatives added. Due to inherent biochemical properties of antibodies, certain products may be prone to precipitation over time. Precipitation may be removed by aseptic centrifugation and/or filtration.
Product Preparation
Functional grade preclinical antibodies are manufactured in an animal free facility using in vitro cell culture techniques and are purified by a multi-step process including the use of protein A or G to assure extremely low levels of endotoxins, leachable protein A or aggregates.
Storage and Handling
Functional grade preclinical antibodies may be stored sterile as received at 2-8°C for up to one month. For longer term storage, aseptically aliquot in working volumes without diluting and store at ≤ -70°C. Avoid Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles.
Country of Origin
USA
Shipping
Next Day 2-8°C
Applications and Recommended Usage?
Quality Tested by Leinco
FC
Additional Applications Reported In Literature ?
Depletion
IHC (Frozen)
Each investigator should determine their own optimal working dilution for specific applications. See directions on lot specific datasheets, as information may periodically change.

Description

Description

Specificity
Clone YTS191 recognizes an epitope on mouse CD4.
Background
CD4 antibody, clone YTS191, recognizes CD4, a 58 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the Ig superfamily. CD4 is expressed by the majority of thymocytes, MHC class II-restricted T cells (helper T cells and immunosuppressive regulatory T cells), and subsets of natural killer T (NKT) cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages1-3. On T cells, CD4 is a co-receptor of the T cell receptor (TCR) and interacts with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). CD4 contributes to T cell development and selection and enhances TCR-dependent signaling by up to 100-fold through the accumulation of Lck4-6. CD4 also contributes to the activation of NKT, macrophages, and DCs7,8.
Antigen Distribution
CD4 is expressed on most thymocytes, MHC class II-restricted T cells, a subset of NKT cells, and subsets of dendritic cells and macrophages.
Research Area
Immunology

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In the literature, the YTS191 antibody, which targets mouse CD4, is often used alongside other antibodies to study various immune cell subsets. Some of the commonly used antibodies or proteins include:

  • Anti-CD8 antibodies: These are used to study CD8+ T cells, which, like CD4+ cells, are crucial for immune responses.
  • Anti-CD25 antibodies: These target the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain, which is expressed on activated T cells and regulatory T cells.
  • Anti-Gr-1 antibodies: These are used to study granulocytes, including neutrophils and monocytes.
  • Anti-NK1.1 antibodies: These target natural killer (NK) cells, which are involved in innate immunity.
  • Myeloid markers: These are used to identify myeloid cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells.

In research focusing on checkpoint inhibitors or immunotherapy studies, YTS191 is often used alongside CD8-specific antibodies to deplete CD4+ T cells. Anti-CD3 antibodies are also used in some contexts to modulate T cell activity, although their applications and mechanisms differ from those of YTS191.

Key Findings from Scientific Literature on Clone YTS191

Specificity and Binding

  • Clone YTS191 is a rat monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the mouse CD4 antigen, a 58 kDa glycoprotein expressed on thymocytes, helper T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and certain subsets of natural killer T (NKT) cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages.
  • YTS191 is widely used for the identification, isolation, and depletion of CD4+ T cells in immunological studies.
  • Epitope Competition: YTS191 competes with clones such as GK1.5 for CD4 binding, indicating overlapping or closely adjacent epitope recognition.

Functional Applications

  • Depletion in Vivo: YTS191 is effective for in vivo depletion of CD4+ T cells, as demonstrated in numerous experimental models. For example, combined use with CD8-depleting antibodies allows researchers to dissect the roles of specific T cell subsets in immune responses and disease models.
  • Mechanistic Studies: YTS191 has been used to investigate the importance of CD4+ T cell help in immune responses, such as in tumor immunotherapy. Depletion of CD4+ T cells with YTS191 in mice treated with anti-PD-1+LAG-3 led to an 89% reduction in IFNγ release by tumor-infiltrating immune cells, highlighting the critical role of CD4+ T cell help in this context. Conversely, CD4+ T cell depletion in anti-PD-1+CTLA-4 treated mice increased IFNγ release, suggesting a suppressive role for Tregs in this setting.
  • Transplantation Immunology: In heart transplant models, YTS191 (alongside GK1.5) was used to deplete CD4+ T cells, revealing insights into thymic reconstitution and peripheral T cell dynamics post-lymphoablation.

Interaction with Bacterial Enzymes

  • Protection from Depletion: The bacterial enzyme CU43 can protect mice from YTS191-mediated CD4+ T cell depletion by cleaving Fc glycans on the antibody, thereby disabling its effector functions. This has been used as a model to study mechanisms of immune modulation and to validate the biological relevance of specific enzyme residues in vivo.
  • Mechanistic Validation: Mutagenesis studies confirmed that CU43 requires both glycan and protein binding to deglycosylate IgG antibodies like YTS191 in vivo, providing a tool to dissect antibody-effector mechanisms.

Technical Notes

  • Optimal Use: The optimal working dilution for YTS191 may vary by application and should be determined by the investigator; lot-specific datasheets provide detailed guidance.
  • Product Forms: YTS191 is available as purified IgG, suitable for various experimental applications including flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and in vivo depletion.

Summary Table

Application AreaKey Finding
SpecificityTargets mouse CD4 on T cells, Tregs, NKT cells, DCs, macrophages
Functional UseEffective for in vivo depletion of CD4+ T cells
Mechanistic InsightReveals CD4+ T cell help in tumor immunity; Treg suppression effects
Enzyme InteractionCU43 enzyme can block YTS191-mediated depletion via Fc glycan cleavage
Technical ConsiderationsOptimal dilution varies; competes with other CD4 clones (e.g., GK1.5)

Notable Citations and Contexts

  • YTS191 is instrumental in defining the roles of CD4+ T cell subsets (including Tregs and helpers) in immune responses and disease models, particularly in cancer immunotherapy and transplantation.
  • Its interaction with bacterial enzymes like CU43 provides a unique system to study antibody effector functions and immune modulation in vivo.
  • The clone is a standard tool for CD4+ T cell depletion and is frequently cited in foundational immunology research.

These findings underscore the versatility of YTS191 as both a research tool and a means to probe complex immunological mechanisms in mice.

References & Citations

1. Krijgsman D, et al. (2018) Front Immunol. 9:367
2. Esashi E, et al. (2003) J Immunol. 171(6):2773-7
3. Vremec D, et al. (2000) J Immunol. 164(6):2978-86
4. Li QJ, et al. (2004) Nat Immunol. 5:791–9
5. Janeway C. A. Jr. (1992) Annu Rev Immunol. 10:645–74
6. Germain RN. (2002) Nat Rev Immunol. 2(5):309-22
7. Thedrez A, et al. (2007) Blood. 110(1):251-8
8. Gibbings D & Befus AD. (2009) J Leukoc Biol. 86(2):251-9
Depletion
Flow Cytometry
IHC FF
in vivo Protocol
General Western Blot Protocol

Certificate of Analysis

Formats Available

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Disclaimer AlertProducts are for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.