Anti-Mouse CSF1 [Clone 5A1] — Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Clone 5A1 is a rat IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds and neutralizes mouse colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). This antibody has been widely used in mouse models to study the biological functions of CSF1 by blocking its activity in vivo.

Bone and Skeletal Research

Clone 5A1 has been extensively used to investigate bone metabolism and skeletal disorders. The antibody prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice by neutralizing M-CSF, which plays a critical role in osteoclast development and bone resorption. When administered to ovariectomized mice, sera from 5A1-treated animals successfully blocked M-CSF-dependent proliferation and survival of CD11b+ monocytes, demonstrating effective in vivo neutralization.

Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment Studies

The antibody is commonly employed in cancer research to reprogram tumor-infiltrating macrophages. CSF1 blockade using clone 5A1 has been used to modify the tumor microenvironment by targeting macrophage populations that contribute to tumor progression. The typical administration protocol involves intraperitoneal injection every 4-5 days, with an initial dose of 1 mg.

Neurological Disease Models

Clone 5A1 has demonstrated utility in studying neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis. Research suggests that CSF-1 neutralization can ameliorate MS pathology while preserving homeostatic myeloid cell functions in the central nervous system. This selective targeting makes it valuable for understanding the differential roles of pathogenic versus homeostatic myeloid cells.

Infectious Disease Research

In malaria infection studies, the antibody has been used to investigate macrophage colony-stimulating factor production by specific immune cell subsets, particularly γδ T cells that expand during infection. This application helps elucidate the protective mechanisms operating during the later stages of parasitic infections.

The antibody is typically administered at doses ranging from 200 ng to 1 mg depending on the experimental design, with formulations in PBS at pH 8.0. Its ability to achieve effective in vivo neutralization while maintaining low endotoxin levels (≤1EU/mg) makes it suitable for long-term studies requiring repeated dosing.

The antibody 5A1 is most commonly known as a monoclonal antibody targeting mouse ABCA1, a key protein in cholesterol transport and lipid metabolism. In scientific literature, several other antibodies or proteins are frequently used alongside 5A1, often for comparative studies, validation, or analysis of related pathways.

Commonly Used Antibodies or Proteins with 5A1:

• ATP5A1 antibody: Frequently employed as a mitochondrial marker or loading control in immunodetection assays; ATP5A1 encodes the alpha subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase and is involved in energy metabolism.

• COL5A1 antibody: Used to detect collagen type V alpha 1, especially in studies involving extracellular matrix, fibrosis, or tissue remodeling. COL5A1 antibodies help characterize changes in tissue architecture that may relate to ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux and cell function.

• RUNX1 (5A1) antibody: The clone 5A1 is also referenced as targeting RUNX1, a transcription factor implicated in hematopoiesis; studies using different 5A1 antibodies may compare immune or metabolic parameters in relevant tissues.

• EIF5A1 antibody: Antibodies against eukaryotic initiation factor 5A1 (EIF5A1) are often included in research on metabolic adaptation and cell viability, as EIF5A1 plays a role in translation and cell stress responses.

• CSF-1 antibody (clone 5A1): Some studies use the clone 5A1 to target colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), a growth factor important for monocyte and macrophage function.

• Anti-Olfactory receptor 5A1 antibody: Mentioned in specific studies, although usage is rare compared to the above.

Relevant Research Areas and Applications:

• Cholesterol and lipid metabolism: Co-staining with ABCA1 (5A1), COL5A1, and ATP5A1 antibodies can elucidate interactions between lipid transport, mitochondrial function, and extracellular matrix structure.
• Cardiovascular biology and fibrosis: Detection of ABCA1 and COL5A1 helps map cellular responses in tissue remodeling and disease.
• Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, ELISA: Multiple antibodies listed above are validated across these core applications.

Summary Table: Most Common Proteins/Antibodies Used with ABCA1 (5A1):

ABCA1 (5A1) antibodies are, therefore, typically used in panels, including ATP5A1, COL5A1, and other markers linked to metabolism and extracellular structure, reflecting the research focus on cellular interactions in health and disease.

The antibody clone 5A1 is most widely cited as a monoclonal antibody targeting colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1 or M-CSF), and its key findings in scientific literature involve its role in neutralizing CSF-1 function, thereby affecting macrophage biology and related disease processes.

Key findings from clone 5A1 citations:

• Neutralization of CSF-1 Functional Activity
  Clone 5A1 binds to mouse CSF-1 and inhibits its biological activity, including its ability to stimulate colony formation from mononuclear phagocyte progenitors.

• Specificity for Macrophage Survival and Proliferation
  The antibody blocks CSF-1–dependent proliferation and survival of macrophages (MCs) but does not exert cytotoxic/proliferative effects on breast cancer cell lines (e.g., MCF-7, MDA-MB231). This means clone 5A1 preferentially targets cells that depend on CSF-1.

• Inhibition of Macrophage-Induced Tumor Cell Invasion
  Clone 5A1 reduces macrophage-induced invasiveness of breast cancer cells. It achieves this by disrupting the CSF-1/EGF paracrine signaling loop between carcinoma cells and macrophages, which is involved in driving metastasis.

• No Effect on Microglial Cell Proliferation or ViabilityWhile effective against macrophages, 5A1 does not inhibit proliferation or induce apoptosis in microglia (a different CSF-1–responsive myeloid population in the brain), indicating some cell type selectivity within the myeloid lineage.

• Commonly Used for In Vivo CSF-1 NeutralizationClone 5A1 is widely used in animal studies to block CSF-1 activity in vivo, facilitating studies on the role of CSF-1/macrophages in models of inflammation, cancer, and bone biology.

Additional context and citations:

• The antibody is typically a rat IgG1, κ isotype, raised against purified mouse CSF-1, and is commercially available for research use.
• While 5A1 has many research applications, its effects are primarily seen in immune cell populations dependent on CSF-1, with documented uses in studies of cancer metastasis, inflammatory responses, and myeloid cell biology.
• It should be noted that "5A1" can refer to unrelated clones or genes in other contexts (e.g., COL5A1 gene or unrelated hybridoma clones), but in the vast majority of immunology literature, reference to "clone 5A1" pertains specifically to the anti-CSF-1 antibody.

In summary, clone 5A1 anti-CSF-1 antibody is a critical tool for dissecting the role of CSF-1 in macrophage biology and its downstream effects on diseases such as cancer and inflammatory disorders, with the most consistent findings being suppression of macrophage survival and function due to CSF-1 neutralization.

Dosing regimens of clone 5A1 (anti-mouse CSF1 antibody) vary by mouse model, disease context, and experimental objective, but typical protocols use intraperitoneal injections ranging from 200 μg to 1 mg per mouse, given every 1–4 days.

Key Dosing Patterns Across Mouse Models:

• Tumor Models (e.g., MGS1, pancreatic, and general tumor-bearing mice):

  • 200 μg per mouse, i.p., every 3–4 days shows strong anti-tumor effects in MGS1 tumor mice.
  • 10 mg/kg, i.p., every 4 days starting on day 3 post-tumor implantation in pancreatic tumor models.
  • Some studies use up to 1 mg per mouse, i.p., for CSF1 or CSF1R blockade in tumor-free and tumor-bearing mice.

• Autoimmune/Neuroinflammation Models (e.g., Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, EAE):

  • 200 μg per mouse, i.p. is the most widely reported dose.
  • Prophylactic schedule: Start on day 0 post-induction (p.i.), dose every other day until disease onset, then every day during acute disease phase. Afterward, revert to every other day.
  • Therapeutic schedule: Start daily dosing at disease onset, continue through acute phase, then reduce frequency.

• General CSF1 Blockade (immunological or homeostatic studies):

  • Doses up to 1 mg per mouse, i.p. for acute depletion of myeloid/macrophage populations.
  • Dosing every 1–4 days depending on antibody half-life and targeted outcome.

Summary of Dosing Considerations:

• Dose: Most commonly 200 μg per injection, but ranges up to 1 mg per mouse or 10 mg/kg depending on study.
• Route: Primarily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection.
• Frequency: From daily to every 4 days, adapted to experimental needs.
• Adjustment: Frequency may shift between prophylaxis, onset, and maintenance phases, especially in disease progression models.

Conclusion: Dosing regimens for clone 5A1 are adjusted for study goals and model specifics; the most common approach is 200 μg i.p. every 2–4 days, with higher doses and altered schedules used as needed for more aggressive depletion or particular disease contexts.