Anti-Mouse Galectin-9 (Clone RG9-1) – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Application of Clone RG9-1 (Anti-Mouse Galectin-9) in In Vivo Mouse Studies

Clone RG9-1 is a rat-derived monoclonal antibody specifically targeting mouse galectin-9, designed for preclinical in vivo applications. Galectin-9 is expressed by a variety of cell types including immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells, and is known to play roles in immune regulation, inflammation, and cancer biology—making it a relevant target for experimental studies.

Key Features for In Vivo Use

• Ultra-low endotoxin formulation: The antibody is rigorously purified to ensure endotoxin levels are ?0.5 EU/mg, which is critical for reducing nonspecific immune activation and toxicity in live animal experiments.
• High purity: ?95% by SDS-PAGE and ?98% monomer by size-exclusion chromatography, minimizing the risk of aggregates that could provoke unwanted immune reactions.
• Animal-free production: Manufactured in vitro without animal components, reducing the risk of contamination with pathogens or host proteins.
• Pathogen testing: Guaranteed negative for all pathogens in the IDEXX IMPACT I Mouse Profile, further safeguarding mouse colonies from infection and ensuring experimental integrity.
• Formulation: Provided in phosphate-buffered saline without carrier proteins, preservatives, or added ions, suitable for direct administration or further dilution as needed.

Typical In Vivo Applications

RG9-1 is used to investigate the biological functions of galectin-9 in mouse models. This can include, but is not limited to:

• Blockade studies: Administering RG9-1 to neutralize endogenous galectin-9 activity, allowing researchers to study the consequences of galectin-9 inhibition on immune responses, inflammation, tumor growth, or other physiological processes.
• Mechanistic studies: Tracing the distribution and activity of galectin-9 in various tissues by immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry after in vivo administration, though its primary use is functional blockade rather than detection.
• Disease models: Used in models of autoimmune diseases, infections, cancers, or inflammatory conditions where galectin-9 has been implicated, to assess therapeutic potential or mechanism of action.

Handling and Administration

• Storage: Should be kept sterile at 2–8°C for short-term use. For long-term storage, aseptic aliquoting at ?80°C is recommended to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
• Administration: Typically injected intraperitoneally or intravenously, with dosage and frequency tailored to the experimental design and regulatory approval.
• Precautions: Due to the potential for precipitation, centrifugation or filtration may be required before use if precipitation is observed.

Research Example

While the primary literature provided does not detail specific in vivo experiments using RG9-1, the antibody’s ultra-low endotoxin, high purity, and specific reactivity profile make it well-suited for intervention studies in mice, where systemic effects of galectin-9 modulation are of interest. RG9-1 serves as a positive control in assays measuring cross-reactivity of other galectin-9 antibodies, underscoring its specificity and reliability in experimental setups.

Summary Table

In summary, clone RG9-1 is used in vivo to specifically inhibit or modulate galectin-9 activity in mouse models, leveraging its high specificity, purity, and safety profile to elucidate the role of galectin-9 in health and disease.

Correct Storage Temperature for Sterile Packaged Clone RG9-1

For Anti-Mouse Galectin-9 (Clone RG9-1) aseptically packaged, the recommended storage temperature is +2°C to +8°C (refrigeration) when sterile and unopened. According to Assay Genie, functional grade preclinical antibodies like this clone should be stored at 2–8°C for up to one month after receipt. If longer-term storage is required, the product should be aseptically aliquoted into working volumes (without dilution) and stored at -80°C to maintain stability and function; repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided.

Shipping is also performed at 2–8°C (with cool packs), and storage upon arrival should continue at these refrigerated conditions.

Summary Table

Key Points

• Do not store at room temperature.
• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles if aliquoted and stored at -80°C.
• Always keep sterile until use; if precipitation occurs, remove by aseptic centrifugation/filtration.

This guidance is specific to the sterile, aseptically packaged clone RG9-1 antibody and may not apply to other antibody products or formulations.

Commonly used antibodies or proteins studied in combination with RG9-1 (a rat anti-mouse Galectin-9 monoclonal antibody) include several key immune checkpoint proteins and related antibodies:

• PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1): RG9-1 is often used to examine Galectin-9's interaction with PD-1, a critical regulator in T cell exhaustion and immune suppression in tumors.
• TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3): Because RG9-1 inhibits Gal-9 binding to TIM-3 and suppresses Gal-9-induced T cell death, co-detection or functional analysis with anti-TIM-3 antibodies is common.
• GITR (Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein): RG9-1 has been used in therapeutic combination studies with agonistic antibodies to GITR (DTA-1) to explore synergistic anti-tumor activities, due to GITR’s role as a T cell co-stimulatory receptor.
• PD-L1 (Programmed death-ligand 1): Anti-Gal-9 and anti-PD-L1 combinations have been tested in mouse models to evaluate enhanced immunotherapeutic effects and survival outcomes.
• Other galectins (such as Galectin-1 and Galectin-8): Specificity studies include these as negative controls when establishing the unique binding properties and immunomodulatory effects of Galectin-9.

Other commonly referenced antibodies (though not always used directly with RG9-1 in every experiment):

• Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab: These clinical anti-PD-1 antibodies are often mentioned for comparison, especially regarding their binding sites versus Gal-9 on PD-1.
• 9M1-3 (commercial Gal-9 antibody): Used in parallel as a benchmark in characterizing newly developed Galectin-9 antibodies.

In summary, the most common antibody/protein co-studies with RG9-1 target PD-1, TIM-3, GITR, and PD-L1, along with use of other galectins and commercial Gal-9 antibodies as controls or comparators in both mechanistic and therapeutic immunology studies.

Based on the available search results, there appears to be limited specific information about clone RG9-1 citations in scientific literature. However, I can provide some relevant findings from the search results:

RG9-1 Antibody Function

The search results reveal that RG9-1 is a rat anti-mouse Galectin-9 (Gal-9) monoclonal antibody with specific functional properties. This antibody has been demonstrated to inhibit Gal-9 binding to TIM-3 and suppress Gal-9-induced T cell death. This suggests that RG9-1 serves as an important research tool for studying galectin-9 interactions and T cell regulation mechanisms.

Context of Galectin-9 Research

The research context shows that Galectin-9 interacts with both PD-1 and TIM-3 receptors to regulate T cell death, making RG9-1 a valuable tool for investigating these immunological pathways. The antibody's ability to block Gal-9 binding to TIM-3 positions it as a critical reagent for understanding immune checkpoint regulation and T cell survival mechanisms.

Limitations of Available Data

The search results do not provide comprehensive citation analysis or detailed findings specifically about RG9-1's usage patterns across scientific literature. The information available focuses primarily on the antibody's functional characterization rather than bibliometric analysis of its citations.

Without access to more extensive literature databases or citation tracking systems, a complete analysis of RG9-1's citation patterns, impact across different research areas, or trends in its usage over time cannot be provided from these search results. For a thorough citation analysis of RG9-1, specialized bibliometric databases would be needed to track its usage across the broader scientific literature.