Anti-Norovirus, Capsid (Clone NORO-313) – Purified No Carrier Protein

Sequenced from PBMCs from a donor who had recovered from a naturally-occurring norovirus infection.

This recombinant monoclonal antibody is aseptically packaged and formulated in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (150 mM NaCl) PBS pH 7.2 - 7.4 with no carrier protein, potassium, calcium or preservatives added. Due to inherent biochemical properties of antibodies, certain products may be prone to precipitation over time. Precipitation may be removed by aseptic centrifugation and/or filtration.

Liquid

Recombinant antibodies are manufactured in an animal free facility using only in vitro protein free cell culture techniques and are purified by a multi-step process including the use of protein A or G to assure extremely low levels of endotoxins, leachable protein A or aggregates.

Functional grade preclinical antibodies may be stored sterile as received at 2-8°C for up to one year. For longer term storage, aseptically aliquot in working volumes without diluting and store at ≥ -80°C. Avoid Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles.

Research Use Only

NORO-313 activity is directed against the capsid of norovirus.

Norovirus is a highly contagious pathogen known for its ability to cause acute gastroenteritis, which is a major health concern worldwide¹. The virus's low infectious dose means minor exposure can lead to infection. Prolonged shedding by hosts and environmental resilience further heighten transmission risks through prolonged surface contamination². It is the leading cause of foodborne diseases, exclusively infecting humans³. Timely implementation of infection prevention measures is crucial for outbreak control². Studies have found a variety of antibodies that have a broad reactivity for noroviruses, including single-chain antibodies⁴, monoclonal antibodies⁵, and a cross-reactive monoclonal antibody⁶. These antibodies have the potential to be used in diagnostic applications as they have been shown to detect norovirus antigens in clinical samples. Studies have also found that the reactivity of these antibodies can vary depending on the norovirus strain⁷.

NORO-313 is a human monoclonal antibody with broad cross-reactivity and the capability to neutralize multiple genotypes of norovirus, highlighting its significant potential in the development of norovirus vaccines and diagnostic tools. It targets a highly conserved region in the P-domain of the norovirus capsid protein, suggesting its neutralization mechanism might involve steric hindrance through multivalent cross-linking. This clone's ability to recognize and neutralize diverse norovirus strains, including both GI and GII genogroups, underscores its importance in advancing our understanding and control of norovirus infections⁸.

Norovirus infects and replicates in immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, as well as in enteroendocrine cells in the human gut.

1. Inns T, Harris J, Vivancos R, Iturriza-Gomara M, O’Brien S. Community-based surveillance of norovirus disease: a systematic review. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2017;17(1):657.
2. Norovirus | Clinical Microbiology Reviews. Accessed March 22, 2024. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/cmr.00075-14
3. Schneider KR, Goodrich RM, Mahovic MJ, Shukla R. Preventing Foodborne Illness: Norovirus: FSHN0518/FS129, 10/2005. EDIS. 2005;2005(12).
4. Huang W, Samanta M, Crawford SE, et al. Identification of human single-chain antibodies with broad reactivity for noroviruses. Protein Eng Des Sel. 2014;27(10):339-349.
5. Yoda T, Suzuki Y, Terano Y, et al. Precise Characterization of Norovirus (Norwalk-Like Virus)-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies with Broad Reactivity. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2003;41(6):2367-2371.
6. Li X, Zhou R, Tian X, Li H, Zhou Z. Characterization of a cross-reactive monoclonal antibody against Norovirus genogroups I, II, III and V. Virus Res. 2010;151(2):142-147.
7. Ajami NJ, Barry MA, Carrillo B, et al. Antibody Responses to Norovirus Genogroup GI.1 and GII.4 Proteases in Volunteers Administered Norwalk Virus. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 2012;19(12):1980-1983.
8. Alvarado G, Salmen W, Ettayebi K, et al. Broadly cross-reactive human antibodies that inhibit genogroup I and II noroviruses. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):4320.