Armenian Hamster IgG Isotype Control [Clone PIP] — Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Clone PIP is used in in vivo mouse studies primarily to investigate its biological functions by manipulating its expression in mouse models, including both PIP knockout (KO) mice and PIP-expressing tumor cell lines for transplantation studies.

• PIP Knockout (KO) Mouse Model:

  • PIP KO mice are genetically engineered to lack the PIP gene. Researchers use these mice to study the consequences of PIP deficiency on various physiological and immune processes. Observed effects include:
    • Altered oral flora composition, with changes in bacterial genera such as Streptococcus and Neisseria.
    • Histological and anatomical changes such as enlarged lymph nodes, thymus medulla, and lymphocytic aggregations.
    • Functional changes in gene expression related to cell death, survival, inflammation, and immune responses.
    • Impaired adaptive immunity, notably reduced CD4+ Th1 differentiation, suggesting that PIP is crucial for optimal cell-mediated immunity.
    • Abnormalities in key lymphoid organs and altered intracellular signaling in macrophages and dendritic cells, leading to impaired cytokine production.
  • These findings support PIP’s role as an immunoregulatory molecule influencing both innate and adaptive immunity.

• Tumor Transplant Models Using PIP-Expressing Cells:

  • Researchers often use lentiviral transduction to engineer mouse breast cancer cell lines (e.g., 4T1 and E0771) to express PIP.
  • These modified cells are transplanted into syngeneic mice (mice of the same genetic background), enabling in vivo analysis of PIP’s effects on tumor growth, antitumor immune responses, and metastasis.
  • For instance, PIP-expressing 4T1 cells have been shown to:
    • Modulate immune responses against breast cancer.
    • Influence both antitumor immunity and the metastatic potential of cancer cells, suggesting a dual regulatory role.

Additional Relevant Information:

• Both mouse and human PIP proteins share similar tissue expression patterns and functions, particularly in secretions such as saliva and tears, and in binding and aggregating bacteria relevant to host defense.
• The clone PIP approach allows for systematic investigation of its molecular mechanisms in cancer pathogenesis and immune modulation in vivo.

In summary, clone PIP is utilized in in vivo mouse studies via genetic knockout to observe deficiency effects, and by expressing PIP in mouse cell lines for transplantation, helping define its multifaceted roles in immunity and cancer progression.

The correct storage temperature for sterile packaged items (such as a cloned PIP device, assuming standard sterile medical device packaging) is generally within the range of 18°C to 25°C (64°F to 77°F), with several authoritative sources recommending not exceeding 24°C or 25°C. Relative humidity should be controlled as well, typically between 30% and 60%.

Key supporting details:

• Sterile storage areas should be environmentally controlled and kept at or below 24–25°C to protect packaging integrity and maintain sterility.
• Humidity should be monitored and maintained below 70%, with most sources recommending 30–60%.
• Storage areas must be clean, dry, and free from dust and unsterile objects, and items should not be exposed to direct sunlight or excessive heat.
• For most sterile packaging materials, storing between 10–27°C (50–80°F) is considered generally safe, but the typical specification for sterile storage in healthcare is the narrower 18–25°C.

Unless the packaging or product label specifies otherwise, these conditions are broadly accepted for sterile medical products in hospitals and clinical environments. Always check the manufacturer's instructions for product-specific requirements.

Commonly used antibodies or proteins studied with PIP (phosphatidylinositol phosphate or prolactin-induced protein) vary depending on the context. Below are summaries for each interpretation, drawing from recent literature:

1. Phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) context:

• Anti-PIP antibodies (monoclonal, polyclonal IgM): Widely used to detect and study PIP itself; some cross-react with related anionic phospholipids such as cardiolipin (CL).
• 4E10 antibody: A human monoclonal antibody notable for its cross-reactivity with PIP and for its HIV-1 neutralizing activity—sometimes used as a comparative tool when investigating anti-PIP activity.
• Anti-PI(3)P and other phosphoinositide antibodies: Used to distinguish between different phosphorylated states of phosphoinositides, for example, anti-PI(3)P IgG for PI(3)P detection in endocytic and signaling studies.
• Casein and phosphocholine: Occasionally used as competitors or inhibitors in binding assays to test specificity for the phosphate-binding subsite of anti-PIP antibodies.
• Proteins interacting with PIP (e.g., PH domain-containing proteins, PI kinases): Studies often involve proteins such as phospholipase C, PI kinases (like PIPK?), and effector proteins with Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domains, which specifically bind to different PIPs, especially in cell signaling and membrane trafficking research.

2. Prolactin-induced protein (PIP) context:

• Antibodies to apoptosis-related proteins: When PIP refers to prolactin-induced protein in cancer research, it is often studied alongside antibodies to apoptosis signaling proteins such as CRADD, DAPK1, and CD40 to assess combined roles in cell death or survival.
• Breast cancer markers: In breast cancer studies, antibodies against PIP are used with those for known cancer signaling or structural proteins to examine disease progression and drug sensitivity.

3. PIP-box protein studies (especially PCNA interactors):

• Anti-PCNA antibodies: Frequently used to study PIP-box-mediated interactions, especially in DNA replication and repair.
• Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies: Common for protein detection and imaging in research involving PIP-box motifs and their binding to PCNA or other Replication Factor C subunits.

Summary Table: Commonly Used Antibodies/Proteins with PIP

For your experiments or literature reviews, the choice of co-used antibodies will depend on whether you mean phosphatidylinositol phosphates (for membrane/cell signaling studies), prolactin-induced protein (for cancer/apoptosis), or proteins with PIP recognition motifs (for DNA repair/replication work). Always match your antibodies with the specific biological context of your PIP of interest.

Key findings from scientific literature citing clone PIP center on its roles in plant peptide function, pathogen resistance, and microbial secondary metabolite regulation, as well as detection pipelines in genomics research. The term “PIP” can refer to different entities—primarily small plant peptides, genomic pipelines, or genes in bacteria—so I address the main contexts supported by recent citations.

1. Plant Immunity Peptides (PIP family):

• Diversity and Evolution: The PIP peptide family in plants consists of two major clades, with 128 PIPs identified across 23 species (both monocots and dicots).
• Functional Divergence: AtPIP1 (Arabidopsis thaliana PIP1) strongly inhibits root growth, while AtPIP2 induces stronger immune responses with a weaker effect on growth.
• SGP Motif Importance: The SGP (Ser-Gly-Pro) motif, particularly its hydroxylation, is associated with changes in peptide activity and is implicated in both growth regulation and immune functions.
• Crop Protection Potential: AtPIP2, due to its immune-inducing capability without severe growth penalties, is highlighted as a promising candidate for developing disease-resistant plants.

2. Genomic Pipelines in Pathogen Identification (PIP-eco):

• High-throughput Pathotype Identification: The PIP-eco pipeline efficiently detects E. coli pathotypes using whole genome sequencing data, leveraging marker genes for high precision.
• Identification of Hybrid Pathotypes: The system can reliably identify hybrid strains (those sharing features of multiple pathotypes), which are epidemiologically important.
• Evolutionary and Clinical Relevance: PIP-eco reveals close genetic relationships, adaptation, and pathogenicity profiles, providing new insights for public health and evolutionary studies.

3. Microbial Regulation (pip gene):

• Phenazine Production Activation: In Pseudomonas chlororaphis, the pip gene acts as a novel activator of phenazine (antifungal compound) biosynthesis. Mutations in pip eliminate phenazine production, revealing its crucial regulatory role.

Summary Table: Main PIP Contexts and Findings

Additional Insights:

• The plant PIP peptide research underscores the complexity of peptide modification (hydroxylation, glycosylation) in determining biological function and specificity.
• Pathogen genomics pipelines like PIP-eco are advancing the resolution and accuracy of strain typing, which is important for outbreak response and understanding bacterial evolution.
• The bacterial pip gene example highlights the potential for manipulating secondary metabolite pathways for biocontrol applications.

Interpretation may vary based on which “clone PIP” is referenced in your query. For plant peptide studies and crop immunity, source provides the most comprehensive current findings. For microbial genomics and pipeline citations, source is primary, while bacterial regulatory gene work is highlighted in source .