Armenian Hamster IgG Isotype Control [Clone PIP] — Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

In in vivo mouse studies, clone PIP (prolactin-inducible protein) is primarily used to investigate its roles in immunity, cancer progression, and host defense by employing both PIP knockout mice and syngeneic murine tumor models with PIP-expressing cell lines.

Key applications and protocols include:

• Generation and utilization of PIP knockout (KO) mice: These mice lack the PIP gene, allowing researchers to assess the physiological and immunological consequences of PIP deficiency. Observed effects include altered oral and gut flora composition, differences in lymphoid organ development, impaired CD4+ Th1 differentiation, and changes in immune and inflammatory responses. PIP KO mice display abnormalities in lymphoid organs and heightened susceptibility to infections, implicating PIP in both innate and adaptive immunity.

• Lentiviral transduction of mouse cancer cell lines: Mouse breast cancer cell lines such as 4T1 and E0771 are transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding mouse PIP cDNA (often fused to a reporter like eGFP). This produces stable cell lines that express and secrete PIP, confirmed by Western blot and other assays. These PIP-expressing cells are then implanted into syngeneic mice to evaluate effects on tumor growth, immune responses, and metastasis in vivo.

• Syngeneic transplantation models: For example, PIP-expressing 4T1 breast cancer cells are injected into immune-competent mice, and tumor development, metastatic spread, and immune cell activity are monitored. This approach helps to clarify PIP’s dual role in promoting antitumor immunity and, potentially, enhancing metastasis.

• Functional immune assays and infection models: Studies use PIP KO and wild-type mice to assess responses to infections (such as Leishmania major), and various immune stimulations. Results show impaired T helper cell differentiation and inflammation regulation in PIP-deficient mice, indicating that PIP is crucial for optimal adaptive and innate immune responses.

For any specific clone-based interventions (e.g., antibody clones), the results provided focus on endogenous genetic manipulation and cellular PIP expression. If clarification is needed for monoclonal antibody applications, please specify the context.

In summary, in vivo mouse studies use clone PIP via genetic knockout animals and transduced cell lines to study its physiological presence or absence, thereby revealing PIP’s function in immunity and cancer biology.

In the context of phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIP), several antibodies and proteins are commonly used in research. Here are a few examples:

Antibodies

• Anti-PIP Monoclonal Antibodies: These are used to study the role of phosphatidylinositol phosphates in cellular processes. They can react with various types of phosphorylated molecules, including anionic phospholipids like cardiolipin (CL) and denatured DNA.

• 4E10 Monoclonal Antibody: Known for its broad neutralization capabilities against HIV-1, this antibody also binds to PIP and CL, showing specificity for phosphate groups.

• Anti-PtdIns(3)P IgG: This mouse monoclonal antibody targets phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P), which is involved in endosome fusion and receptor sorting.

Proteins

• Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein: This protein is crucial for maintaining levels of PI(4,5)P2, which is essential for exocytosis.

• Phosphoinositol-4-monophosphatase 5 Kinase Type I? (PIPK?): This enzyme restores PI(4,5)P2 levels in cells, playing a pivotal role in exocytosis processes.

These proteins and antibodies are important tools for studying the functions and regulation of phosphoinositides in cellular processes.

Key findings from scientific literature citing "clone PIP" or related "PIP" (Pathogen-Induced Peptide/Protein, or protocol/method called PIP) depend on the specific context, as “PIP” may refer to different entities in plant biology, genomics, and molecular biology. Below are the most critical insights from the major areas in which clone PIP or PIP-related methods are cited:

1. Plant PIP Peptide/Protein Family: Functional Diversity and Applications

• PIP peptides in plants are functionally diverse, with specific members having different effects. For instance, AtPIP1 is effective in inhibiting Arabidopsis root growth, while AtPIP2 more efficiently induces immune responses in plants.
• The functional divergence of PIP family members is closely associated with the SGP motif, which undergoes post-translational modifications like hydroxylation, affecting peptide activity and physiological outcomes.
• Application potential: AtPIP2 (and related PIPs) holds promise for crop protection because it induces immunity without causing severe growth inhibition, indicating targeted exogenous use could enhance plant pathogen resistance with minimal adverse effects on growth.

2. PIP-seq: Innovations in Single-Cell Genomics

• PIP-seq is a scalable, easy-to-use platform for high-purity single-cell transcriptome profiling, avoiding microfluidics technology. It provides data competitive with the popular 10x Chromium platform in terms of transcriptome quality and marker gene detection.
• Scalability: PIP-seq enables the analysis of very large cell populations (up to hundreds of thousands of cells in a single experiment), which is crucial for detecting rare cell types and scaling up genetic screens.
• Application to CRISPR screens: PIP-seq is compatible with large-scale, pooled CRISPRi (CRISPR interference) experiments at a single-cell resolution, accurately tracking genotype–phenotype relationships at the genome-wide scale and validating expected gene knockdowns by sgRNA.

3. Protein-Protein and Protein-DNA Interactions Involving PIP Motifs

• Mutation analysis of the PIP interaction domain demonstrates its essential role in DNA binding and protein–protein interactions, such as with the transcription factor PU.1, highlighting the critical nature of specific residues for functional complexes.

4. Industrial/Clinical Issues Involving PIP (e.g., Implants)

• Studies on industrial products named PIP, such as silicone implants, focus on quality control, revealing that PIP implants had higher rupture rates but their material did not show unique toxicity or harm.

Ambiguity Note

• The acronym “PIP” encompasses various biological entities (peptides, sequencing protocols, industrial products). Most scientific citations focus on either plant immune peptides, genomics protocols, or specific interaction domains in molecular biology. Please specify the exact context for a more tailored summary.

Summary Table: Key findings by “PIP” context

Dosing regimens of clone PIP (commonly used to refer to piperacillin, a ?-lactam antibiotic, or peptide-conjugated PMOs) vary depending on the mouse model, objective of the study, and specific formulation. The core differences relate to dose amount, frequency, route of administration, and duration, tailored to disease context (e.g., infection, muscular dystrophy), mouse strain, and immunological status.

Piperacillin (PIP) Dosing Regimens

• Immunocompromised Rat Model (PK/PD study):

  • Doses: 120 mg/kg or 240 mg/kg
  • Frequency: Administered every 8 hours (q8h), every 6 hours (q6h), or every 4 hours (q4h) for 24 hours
  • Route: Intravenous (IV) injection into femoral vein.
  • Note: 60 mg/kg was found ineffective, possibly due to piperacillin’s short half-life in rats.

• Murine Model Simulating Human Dosing (Piperacillin-Tazobactam):

  • Doses: 500/62.5 mg/kg (PIP/TAZ) at 0 h, 100/12.5 mg/kg at 0.25 h, 200/25 mg/kg at 2.5 h, 75/9.375 mg/kg at 5 h
  • Schedule: This series was repeated every 6 hours
  • Route: Subcutaneous injection
  • Application: Both immune-competent and neutropenic mice could be used for infection or pharmacodynamic studies; designed to mimic human clinical exposures.

Pip-PMO (Peptide-conjugated Morpholino Oligomer) Dosing Example

• Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (mdx Mouse) Model:
  • Doses: 10 mg/kg (IV) single dose led to modest protein restoration
  • Extended regimen: 10 mg/kg IV, 4 consecutive days, then 5 further doses every 2 weeks
  • Application: Inducing exon skipping and relevant for chronic, genetic disease studies.

Key Variables Affecting Regimen Choice

• Mouse strain and disease model (e.g., mdx for dystrophy, immunocompromised for sepsis or infection)
• Pharmacokinetics (e.g., piperacillin’s short half-life necessitates frequent dosing)
• Infection status and immune suppression (immunocompetent versus neutropenic models)
• Therapeutic goal (single high dose vs. repeated lower doses for chronic conditions)

Summary Table: PIP Regimens in Mice/Rats

If you specify whether "clone PIP" refers to a particular antibody or peptide (e.g., Pip-PMO, anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4), I can provide more targeted detailed dosing regimens relevant to that clone.