Anti-Human CD40 [Clone HB-14] — Purified in vivo GOLD^TM Functional Grade

While there is information on the clone HB-14 related to anti-human CD40 applications, there is no specific mention of it being used in mice under the name "HB-14." However, a clone named HB-14 is associated with anti-human CD40 antibodies, which are used in human-related research.

1. CD40 Antibody HB-14: This antibody is used in human research, particularly for studying CD40, a protein involved in B cell functions and immune responses. It promotes B cell proliferation and can partially block CD40 binding to its ligand.

On the other hand, there is a clone named HB-32, which is associated with the monoclonal antibody 14-4-4S targeting mouse/rat MHC Class II (I-Ek/RT1-D). This antibody has several applications in mice:

2. Anti-mouse/rat MHC Class II (I-Ek/RT1-D) Clone 14-4-4S (HB-32): This clone is used in mice for various in vivo applications, including blocking antigen presentation and depleting B cells to enrich for T cells. It also interacts with hamster B cells, which can be useful for specific studies.

Thus, while HB-14 is associated with human CD40 studies, HB-32 (related to clone 14-4-4S) has applications in mice involving MHC Class II studies.

Commonly Used Antibodies and Proteins with HB-14 in Literature

HB-14 is a monoclonal antibody targeting human CD40, primarily used in immunology research to study B cell activation and proliferation. Several other antibodies and proteins are frequently combined with HB-14 in experimental protocols, either to enhance B cell stimulation, to study receptor-ligand interactions, or to investigate downstream signaling pathways.

Co-Stimulatory Agents

• Anti-IgM: HB-14 is often used in combination with anti-IgM antibodies, which together enhance B cell proliferation and activation more effectively than either agent alone. This reflects the synergistic effect of concurrent B cell receptor (IgM) and CD40 stimulation.
• Interleukin-4 (IL-4): IL-4, a cytokine critical for B cell differentiation and proliferation, is commonly added alongside HB-14 to further promote B cell responses in culture.
• Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA): PMA, a protein kinase C activator, is also paired with HB-14 in some protocols to stimulate B cell proliferation, although this is less common than anti-IgM or IL-4.

Blocking and Functional Assays

• CD40 Ligand (CD40L, CD154): While not a co-stimulator, HB-14 partially blocks the binding of CD40 to its natural ligand, CD40L. This property is sometimes exploited to study the impact of CD40–CD40L interaction blockade on B cell function.
• Control IgGs: In bispecific antibody studies, non-targeting antibodies (e.g., human IgG like h425) are used as negative controls to validate the specificity of experimental effects.

Summary Table

Context in Broader Research

While HB-14 itself is not typically used in therapeutic antibody cocktails (unlike some bispecific antibodies targeting IgM, CD20, or HLA-DR), it remains a valuable tool in basic immunology research for dissecting CD40-mediated B cell activation pathways. The combinations listed here are standard for in vitro assays and are well-documented in the literature as established methods for B cell stimulation and functional analysis.

Based on the available search results, clone HB-14 refers to a monoclonal antibody targeting human CD40, a molecule involved in immune cell activation and signaling. The search results provide limited information about specific research findings from studies citing this clone, but reveal its functional characteristics and applications.

Functional Properties

Clone HB-14 is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the binding of CD40 to its ligand CD154. CD40 is also known by alternative names including Bp50, CDW40, TNFRSF5, and p50. This blocking function makes it a valuable tool for studying CD40-mediated immune responses and cell signaling pathways.

Applications in Research

The antibody has been utilized in immunological research, particularly in flow cytometry applications for detecting and analyzing CD40 expression on human cells. Clone HB-14 is available in different formats, including PE-conjugated and FITC-conjugated versions, allowing researchers to incorporate it into multicolor flow cytometry panels for immune cell characterization.

In at least one study, clone HB-14 was employed in research examining immune responses following influenza vaccination or infection, where it was used approximately 14 days after immunological challenge. The antibody has also been developed in a purified in vivo PLATINUM™ functional grade format, suggesting its application in functional studies and potentially in vivo experimental models.

However, the search results do not provide comprehensive information about the breadth of scientific findings or the specific conclusions drawn from studies that have cited clone HB-14, indicating that more detailed insights would require access to primary literature where this antibody clone has been extensively utilized.

Dosing regimens of clone HB-14 (anti-human CD40 antibody) in mouse models vary primarily according to the immune status of the mouse, tumor model, and study goal. There is no single standard regimen; doses and schedules are selected based on the model’s responsiveness and tolerability.

Key findings:

• Syngeneic Tumor Models (Immunocompetent Mice):

  • Commonly use lower doses, such as 200 µg per injection of HB-14.
  • Dosing intervals can vary but are frequently once weekly or every three days depending on tumor growth kinetics and study design.

• Immunocompromised or Humanized Mouse Models:

  • Dosing regimens can be higher, but are typically adjusted downward due to increased sensitivity to immunomodulatory agents.
  • The exact dose may range more widely and is generally determined by preliminary tolerance and pharmacokinetic studies in that specific strain.

Additional context and variables:

• Dose escalation and schedule:

  • Doses may be increased or given more frequently in aggressive tumor models or if rapid target engagement is required.
  • Longer intervals or reduced dose are sometimes needed to minimize toxicity, especially for agents like CD40 agonists known to activate immune responses.

• Mouse strain considerations:

  • Different strains (C57BL/6, BALB/c, NSG, etc.) may require distinct regimens due to differences in immune competency and antibody cross-reactivity.
  • Immunocompetent strains typically tolerate higher or more frequent dosing, while immunodeficient strains may require reduction.

• Route of administration:

  • Most studies use intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection; the dose may require adjustment between routes to achieve similar systemic exposure.

• Tumor type and burden:

  • More established or aggressive tumors may necessitate higher or more frequent dosing for efficacy, balanced against potential for toxicity.

Because published data on clone HB-14 are often in the context of exploratory or preclinical studies and protocol details may be proprietary or optimized per individual lab/model, final dosing regimens should follow pilot testing for both efficacy and tolerability in the chosen mouse model.

Summary Table of Typical Dosages for Clone HB-14 in Mouse Models:

Specific regimens may differ by experiment or lab. Dose selection should be experimentally validated for the specific mouse model and research objective.