Anti-Human Fibulin-4 [Clone 5G11] — Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Clone 5G11 is most commonly used in vivo in mice as a rat monoclonal antibody targeting the mouse lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR), a receptor involved in immune regulation and stromal signaling. Its main applications include functional studies of LTβR signaling, especially in models of inflammation, lymphoid tissue development, and immune cell trafficking.

Key in vivo applications of clone 5G11 in mice:

• Functional activation or inhibition of LTβR: 5G11 is used to agonistically stimulate LTβR, which activates downstream NF-κB signaling pathways and modulates immune responses in vivo, such as in studies of lymphoid tissue organogenesis and immune-mediated disease models.
• Investigation of lymphoid tissue development: By modulating LTβR signaling, 5G11 helps to analyze peripheral lymphoid tissue formation and function.
• Inflammation and autoimmune disease models: 5G11 is employed in research on the role of LTβR in inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis and tissue regeneration post-injury.
• Immune cell trafficking studies: The receptor targeted by 5G11 is involved in immune cell movement and communication, making it useful for tracking these processes in vivo.

While clone 5G11 is available for use against other human targets (e.g., Fibulin-4 or Desmoglein-3), those versions do not cross-react with mouse proteins and are not typically used for in vivo mouse applications. Therefore, for mouse studies, the common and documented in vivo application is specifically related to mouse LTβR functional modulation and pathway analysis.

Overview

The term 5G11 refers to a specific monoclonal antibody clone, but it is used against different targets depending on the context and species. The most well-documented targets for 5G11 are:

• Mouse lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR): Clone 5G11 is used as an agonistic antibody against murine LTβR for mechanistic studies in immunology.
• Human desmoglein-3 (Dsg3): Multiple suppliers offer mouse anti-human Dsg3 clone 5G11 for applications like immunofluorescence, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry.
• Fibulin-4: At least one vendor offers a 5G11 clone targeting human fibulin-4 for several immunological techniques.
• TOPORS: A mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 5G11) is also available for TOPORS, a ubiquitin ligase.

Below, we focus on co-used antibodies and proteins in the literature, with an emphasis on the most common applications—Dsg3 in epithelial cell biology and autoimmune diseases, and LTβR in immunology.

Commonly Co-Used Antibodies and Proteins with 5G11

In Desmoglein-3 (Dsg3) Studies

Dsg3 is a component of desmosomes, critical for epithelial cell adhesion. The 5G11 clone is widely used to study Dsg3 in the context of pemphigus vulgaris and other epithelial disorders.

Frequently co-detected or co-immunoprecipitated proteins:

• Plakoglobin (γ-catenin), desmocollins (Dsc1–3), and desmoplakin (DSP): These are other core desmosomal proteins and are often studied alongside Dsg3 to understand desmosome assembly and function. They are detected with their own specific antibodies (e.g., anti-plakoglobin, anti-desmocollin, anti-desmoplakin).
• Desmoglein-1 (Dsg1): Frequently examined to distinguish between pemphigus vulgaris (Dsg3-targeted) and pemphigus foliaceus (Dsg1-targeted). Dsg1 is detected with specific antibodies (e.g., anti-Dsg1, clone AK15 or others).
• Beta-catenin and E-cadherin: These adherens junction proteins are sometimes co-stained to contrast desmosomal vs. adherens junction localization and dynamics.

Co-antibodies in experimental assays:In Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry, 5G11 is often used with secondary antibodies such as anti-mouse IgG conjugated to HRP, FITC, or Alexa Fluor dyes. For multiplex staining, it may be paired with antibodies against keratin (to mark epithelial cells), Ki67 (proliferation), or cleaved caspase-3 (apoptosis).

In Lymphotoxin Beta Receptor (LTβR) Studies

LTβR is a TNF receptor family member involved in lymphoid organ development and immune responses. The 5G11 clone (mouse-specific) is used to activate or detect LTβR in mechanistic studies.

Ligands and signaling reporters:

• Lymphotoxin-α1β2 (LTα1β2) and LIGHT (TNFSF14): These are the primary ligands for LTβR and are often used to stimulate receptor signaling pathways.
• IFN-γ: Enhances LTβR-induced cell death in certain tumor models and is used to study cytokine crosstalk.
• NF-κB, IL-6, MIP-2: Downstream signaling molecules and cytokines induced by LTβR activation, often measured by ELISA or qPCR.

Immunological markers:

• B220 (CD45R) and CD3: Used to identify B and T lymphocytes in tissues where LTβR signaling is active.
• F4/80 or CD68: To identify macrophages, which are influenced by LTβR in infection models.
• Secondary antibodies: Anti-rat or anti-mouse IgG for detection, depending on the primary antibody host.

Other Targets (Fibulin-4, TOPORS)

Less literature is available on co-used antibodies or proteins with 5G11 targeting fibulin-4 or TOPORS. However, standard co-stains in extracellular matrix or DNA damage studies (e.g., collagen, laminin, γH2AX) may be used in context-specific experiments.

Summary Table

Conclusion

The choice of co-used antibodies and proteins with 5G11 depends on the target (Dsg3, LTβR, fibulin-4, or TOPORS) and the biological question. For Dsg3 studies, core desmosomal proteins and epithelial markers are standard. For LTβR, cytokines, chemokines, and lymphocyte/macrophage markers are typical. Always consult the specific experimental context and literature for precise combinations.

Clone 5G11 is a mouse monoclonal antibody widely used in scientific literature to specifically detect human desmoglein 3 (DSG3), a key protein in epithelial cell junctions. The major findings from citations involving clone 5G11 are:

• Specificity: 5G11 binds specifically to human desmoglein 3 and does not cross-react with desmoglein 1 or desmoglein 2. Its target epitope is localized to the terminal extracellular portion of DSG3 (amino acids 446–613).

• Application in Pemphigus Vulgaris Research: 5G11 has been used to quantify DSG3 depletion in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patient tissue, aiding studies that distinguish affected and unaffected cells in skin biopsies. These applications helped clarify that depletion of DSG3 correlates with disease severity.

• Non-Pathogenic Properties: Experimental studies show that 5G11 does not cause cell–cell dissociation in keratinocyte sheets, indicating it does not induce PV-like pathogenic effects, unlike certain other anti-DSG3 antibodies such as AK23.

• Epitope Mapping and Controls: 5G11 serves as an immunoassay control for mapping linear or conformational DSG3 epitopes. In immunodot-blot and NMR spectroscopic studies, 5G11 did not bind to the linear epitope recognized by the MAb 5H10, confirming its conformational specificity for a terminal extracellular region rather than linear determinants.

• Technical Utility: 5G11 is widely applied in immunohistochemistry, western blot, and other cell biology techniques to visualize DSG3 distribution, especially in studies of epithelial integrity and PV pathogenesis.

Summary Table: Key Properties of Clone 5G11

In conclusion, clone 5G11 is a well-characterized monoclonal antibody for detection of human DSG3, highly valued for its specificity, non-pathogenic nature, and utility in PV and epithelial biology research.

Dosing regimens for clone 5G11, a mouse monoclonal antibody against human desmoglein 3, are not standardized and vary according to the specific mouse model, genetic background, and research application. No published sources provide universally accepted, model-dependent dosing schedules for this clone.

Essential context and supporting details:

• Application-Driven Variation: The dose and schedule for clone 5G11 in mouse models depend on several variables, including the type of mouse (e.g., wild-type, knockout, humanized transgenic), age, experimental objective (e.g., immunohistochemistry, functional inhibition, autoimmune disease modeling), and administration route.
• Product Information: Commercial sources provide clone 5G11 purified for use in research but do not list fixed dosing protocols; they suggest customization based on research needs.
• Species Specificity: Importantly, clone 5G11 is specific for human desmoglein 3 and does not cross-react with mouse desmoglein 3, so dosing must be tailored especially when using humanized mouse models expressing human DSG3.
• General In Vivo Antibody Dosing Guides: While comprehensive guidelines exist for other monoclonal antibody clones (e.g., 9H10 for CTLA-4, GK1.5 for CD4), providing typical ranges such as 100–250 μg per mouse every 2–3 days by intraperitoneal injection, these do not specifically cover 5G11, indicating that researchers must extrapolate from comparable antibody practices.

Additional relevant information:

• Experimental Reporting: Published studies reporting use of clone 5G11 often lack explicit dose details for in vivo mouse experiments. Most references pertain to its use as a reagent in histological or cell-based assays, not systemic dosing in live animals.
• Humanized Mouse Models: In cases where human DSG3 is expressed in mice (transgenic or BAC clone models), antibody dosing is generally empirical, with adjustments made to achieve intended pathogenicity or therapeutic effect; explicit regimens for 5G11 remain unpublished.
• Custom Dosing Recommendation: Researchers are advised to perform initial titration experiments, starting with doses analogous to other IgG1 monoclonals (e.g., 100–250 μg/mouse IP every 2–3 days), and optimize according to observed effects and toxicity.

In summary, 5G11 dosing regimens are determined empirically and tailored to the mouse model and experimental purpose because no standardized, model-dependent dose schedules exist in published literature.