Anti-Mouse/Human TGF-β [1D11.16.8] – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

The 1D11.16.8 clone is a widely used neutralizing monoclonal antibody against TGF-? (transforming growth factor beta), particularly in in vivo mouse studies to block the activity of TGF-? isoforms 1, 2, and 3.

In in vivo mouse studies, 1D11.16.8 is primarily used for the following purposes:

• Systemic administration (often intraperitoneal injection) to neutralize TGF-? signaling in mice, thereby modulating disease processes where TGF-? is implicated.
• Research into cancer, fibrosis, immunity, muscle wasting, and other diseases where TGF-? has a pathological role, allowing investigators to study the effects of TGF-? inhibition on disease progression and associated phenotypes.
• Mechanistic studies to delineate the role of TGF-? in development, tissue remodeling, immune regulation, and wound healing by using 1D11.16.8 as a tool to disrupt TGF-? signaling in vivo.

Key application examples:

• In mouse models of advanced pancreatic cancer, administering 1D11.16.8 led to improved mortality rates and reduced cachexia-related symptoms.
• It is also used to investigate kidney fibrosis, tissue injury, and cancer metastasis by systemically blocking all major TGF-? isoforms in experimental animals.
• 1D11.16.8 has been purchased from suppliers such as ATCC and Bio X Cell for use in these animal experiments, verifying its widespread utility in academic research.

In summary, 1D11.16.8 is used in vivo in mice as a TGF-? neutralizing antibody to study and therapeutically target the diverse roles of TGF-? in physiology and disease. Its specificity to multiple TGF-? isoforms and cross-reactivity with several species make it a valuable and validated reagent for such studies.

The correct storage temperature for sterile packaged clone 1D11.16.8 (anti-TGF-? antibody) depends on the intended duration of storage:

• Short-term (up to 1–2 weeks): Store at 2–8°C (refrigerator).
• Long-term (several months to 1 year): Store at -20°C or below (preferably in aliquots to avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles).
• Very long-term (over a year or for maximum stability): Some suppliers recommend storing at -80°C.

Key points:

• Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles, as this can degrade the antibody.
• Storage in frost-free freezers is not recommended for long-term preservation.
• For functional grade preclinical antibodies, storage at ? -70°C is advised for the longest term.

Always refer to the lot-specific datasheet for the product, as formulations may vary slightly with different suppliers or packaging conditions.

Commonly used antibodies or proteins studied alongside 1D11.16.8 (an anti–TGF-? monoclonal antibody) in the literature include those that:

• Detect fibrosis- or matrix-related proteins, such as fibronectin extra domain A (FnEDA). For example, some studies have developed dual antibodies or "DVD-Ig" constructs combining the anti-TGF-? 1D11 with anti-FnEDA to investigate the synergy of blocking both TGF-? and fibronectin pathways in fibrotic disease models.

• Target Latent TGF-? Binding Proteins (LTBPs), as TGF-? is secreted and presented in complex with LTBPs, forming small and large latent complexes. Antibodies against LTBPs are often used in parallel to dissect the processing and activation of TGF-? in cellular and tissue samples.

• Detect TGF-? receptors or co-signaling molecules, as the functional activity of TGF-? (neutralized by 1D11.16.8) depends on receptor engagement. Studies may use antibodies against TGF-? receptor I or II, or downstream SMAD proteins.

• Assess immune cell markers (e.g., CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3). Because TGF-? has immunomodulatory roles, antibodies against lymphocyte or myeloid cell markers are commonly included to characterize immune populations or regulatory T cell (Treg) induction in experiments co-treated with 1D11.16.8.

• Evaluate other fibrosis or inflammation markers, such as collagen I, ?-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin), and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-?), as blocking TGF-? affects extracellular matrix production and inflammation.

Experimental applications in the literature commonly use:

• Western blot or ELISA panels containing 1D11.16.8 for TGF-? isoforms (1, 2, 3) combined with antibodies against related cytokines, matrix components, or cell-type–specific markers.
• Detection systems such as HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG for secondary detection in Western blots or immunoassays that include 1D11.16.8.

Summary Table: Commonly Co-Used Antibodies/Proteins with 1D11.16.8

Specific combinations vary by research focus (e.g., fibrosis, cancer immunology, tissue remodeling), but these are among the most reported alongside 1D11.16.8 in peer-reviewed literature.

The clone 1D11.16.8 is a well-established monoclonal antibody that neutralizes TGF-? (transforming growth factor-beta) and has been extensively studied in scientific literature, revealing several important therapeutic applications and biological insights.

Antibody Characteristics and Specificity

Clone 1D11.16.8 is a mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody that recognizes and neutralizes all three isoforms of TGF-? (TGF-?1, TGF-?2, and TGF-?3). The antibody demonstrates broad species reactivity, including human, mouse, rat, bovine, dog, hamster, and monkey tissues. It was originally developed using bovine TGF-?2 protein as the immunogen.

Cancer Cachexia Treatment

One of the most significant findings involves the antibody's therapeutic potential in treating cancer cachexia. In pancreatic cancer models, treatment with 1D11.16.8 produced remarkable improvements in survival and metabolic parameters. Mice treated with this antibody exhibited significantly improved overall survival, reduced weight loss, higher fat mass, increased skinfold thickness, and better bone mineral density compared to controls.

The anti-cachexia effects were validated across multiple pancreatic cancer models, including both Pan02 and KPC-derived FC1242 cell lines, demonstrating that the protective effects against muscle wasting and metabolic dysfunction are not model-specific. Importantly, these beneficial effects occurred independently of tumor growth inhibition, as the antibody did not affect Pan02 cellular proliferation in vitro or subcutaneous tumor growth.

Tumor Growth and Metastasis Inhibition

Beyond cachexia treatment, 1D11.16.8 has shown direct anti-tumor effects in breast cancer models. The antibody significantly inhibited 4T1 tumor growth and metastasis, demonstrating its potential as an anti-cancer therapeutic. This finding suggests that TGF-? blockade can simultaneously address both tumor progression and the associated metabolic complications.

Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways

The therapeutic effects of 1D11.16.8 correlate with its impact on TGF-? signaling pathways. Treatment with this antibody affects the Smad signaling cascade, which is the primary pathway through which TGF-? exerts its biological effects. The antibody's neutralizing activity effectively blocks TGF-?-mediated cellular processes including cell growth regulation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression.

Research Applications and Validation

Clone 1D11.16.8 has been validated for multiple experimental applications, including immunohistochemistry, western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and in vivo neutralization studies. The antibody has been used in dosing regimens ranging from intraperitoneal injections of 100 ?g every other day for two weeks in immunological studies to various concentrations for different experimental protocols.

The consistent performance of this antibody across diverse research applications and disease models has established it as a valuable tool for investigating TGF-? biology and developing TGF-?-targeted therapies, particularly for cancer-related complications like cachexia and for direct anti-tumor effects.