Anti-Mouse PD-L2 (B7-DC) – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Clone TY25 is an anti-mouse PD-L2 monoclonal antibody that serves multiple important functions in in vivo mouse studies, primarily as a research tool for investigating immune checkpoint pathways and their therapeutic potential.

Primary Applications in Mouse Studies

Immune Checkpoint Blockade Research: TY25 is used to block PD-1 mediated interactions in living mice by targeting PD-L2 (also known as B7-DC or CD273). Since PD-L2 binds to the PD-1 receptor found on various immune cells, blocking this interaction with TY25 can prevent the inhibition of T cell proliferation and cytokine production that normally occurs when PD-L2 engages with PD-1.

Biomarker and Expression Studies: The antibody serves as a valuable marker for studying PD-L2 expression patterns in mouse tissues, particularly on monocytes, macrophages, and subsets of dendritic cells. This allows researchers to track and quantify PD-L2 expression in different experimental conditions and disease models.

Mechanism of Action in Vivo

TY25 works by binding to PD-L2, a 25 kDa type I transmembrane protein that belongs to the B7 family of the immunoglobulin superfamily. When PD-L2 normally engages with its receptor PD-1 (found on CD4 and CD8 thymocytes, activated T and B lymphocytes, and myeloid cells), it leads to immunosuppression through inhibition of T cell receptor-mediated T cell proliferation and cytokine production. By blocking this interaction, TY25 can potentially enhance immune responses in experimental settings.

Research Context

The TY25 antibody has been reported to successfully block PD-1 mediated interactions in vivo, making it a useful tool for studying the therapeutic potential of PD-L2 blockade. This is particularly relevant in cancer immunotherapy research, where understanding the various pathways that regulate immune responses is crucial for developing effective treatments.

The antibody's specificity for mouse PD-L2 makes it an essential reagent for preclinical studies that aim to understand immune checkpoint biology before translating findings to human clinical applications.

Sterile Packaged Clone TY25: Correct Storage Temperature

There is no direct reference to a clone named "TY25" in the provided search results. However, for most cryopreserved cell lines or sterile packaged clones, standard storage recommendations apply:

• Long-term Storage: For maximum cell viability, cryopreserved (sterile packaged) clones should be kept below -130°C, optimally in liquid nitrogen vapor phase storage (-196°C), not at -70°C, which can result in significant loss of viability over time.
• Temporary Storage: If cells arrive frozen and immediate culture is not intended, they can be temporarily kept in a -80°C freezer, but this is not recommended for long-term storage as it may compromise viability.
• Upon Receipt: After verifying the integrity of the packaging, immediately transfer the vial from dry ice or shipping container to liquid nitrogen vapor phase storage for continued preservation.
• Laboratory Vials: Once thawed or opened, cells should be used promptly and not refrozen, as repeated freeze-thaw cycles can damage cells.

Summary Table

Best Practices

• Do not store at -70°C for long-term; use only for short periods if needed.
• For liquid nitrogen storage, use the vapor phase to avoid direct liquid contact with vials, which might compromise sterility due to possible aerosol contamination.
• Always thaw cells quickly in a 37°C water bath and transfer to appropriate culture medium as soon as possible.
• Monitor packaging integrity: Damaged packaging may compromise sterility.

In summary:
For sterile packaged clones (including possible clone TY25, if it follows typical cell line protocols), the correct storage temperature is below -130°C, preferably in liquid nitrogen vapor phase. Always consult the supplier’s specific instructions for the exact clone or cell line, but these are the general best practices for cryopreserved cell lines.

The TY25 antibody is mentioned in the context of CD273 (B7-DC, PD-L2) and its role in T cell activation through non-PD1 mediated interactions. However, there is limited information available in the search results about other commonly used antibodies or proteins used with TY25 specifically. Generally, in research, antibodies like TY25 are often used in conjunction with other antibodies or proteins to study immune interactions. Here are some strategies and proteins that might be used in similar contexts:

1. CD1d: Used in studies of NKT cell activation.
2. CD3/CD28: Antibodies against these molecules can activate T cells for various experiments.
3. PD-1/PD-L1: Important in studying immune checkpoint regulation.
4. CD4/CD8: Used for identifying T cell subsets.

Additionally, T25 is also mentioned in the context of the bacterial adenylate cyclase two-hybrid system (BACTH), which is used to study protein interactions. This system involves fusions with adenylate cyclase fragments T25 and T18 to test protein interactions in E. coli.

If you are looking for specific combinations involving the TY25 antibody, it would be beneficial to explore scientific literature more broadly or use specific databases for antibody interactions.

Key findings from scientific literature regarding clone TY25 primarily relate to its use in molecular and cell biology, with the most relevant citations referring to:

• T25 polypeptide and Thy-1 antigen: Studies have identified T25 as a molecule bearing the Thy-1.2 antigen, which has been isolated from both fractionated thymocytes and cloned cytolytic and helper T cells using monoclonal antibodies. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that T25 is structurally heterogeneous, displaying different polypeptide patterns with molecular weights ranging from 28,000–36,000 daltons. Variations in the structure and the density of Thy-1.2 expression on T cells suggest that surface T25 heterogeneity is linked to differences in T cell maturation or function. This underscores the potential role of T25 in T cell differentiation and immune response specificity.

• T25 in bacterial two-hybrid (BACTH) systems: In protein interaction studies, "T25" also refers to a domain of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase used in the BACTH system. Cloning genes of interest into T25- or T18-containing plasmids enables detection of protein-protein interactions, including those specific to inner or outer membrane proteins. Advances in Gateway®-compatible BACTH vectors facilitate rapid cloning, modification, and adaptation of the T25 system for different cellular compartments and protein targets, expanding its utility in microbial genetics and membrane biology research.

• No clear findings for yeast Ty1, Ty1/copia, or similar retroelements specifically labeled as "TY25": The search results referencing Ty1 elements in yeast do not refer to a "clone TY25," so those findings are not directly relevant to TY25 citations.

In summary:

• Clone TY25 is most notably cited as a marker for structural variation in T cell surface antigens (Thy-1.2/T25) and a crucial tool in bacterial two-hybrid interaction systems, with research supporting its role in immunology, cell differentiation, and protein-protein interaction studies.
• The heterogeneity of the T25 polypeptide correlates with T cell maturation and function, reinforcing its biological significance.

No evidence was found linking "clone TY25" to retrotransposons or plant/yeast transposable elements in the current scientific literature.