Anti-Mouse Dendritic Cells – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Anti-Mouse Dendritic Cells – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Product No.: D112

[product_table name="All Top" skus="D112"]

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Clone
33D1
Target
Dendritic Cells
Formats AvailableView All
Product Type
Monoclonal Antibody
Alternate Names
DC Marker, 33D1, DCIR2 (dendritic cell inhibitory receptor 2)
Isotype
Rat IgG2b κ
Applications
in vivo
,
WB

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Antibody Details

Product Details

Reactive Species
Mouse
Host Species
Rat
Recommended Isotype Controls
Recommended Dilution Buffer
Immunogen
Dendritic cells
Product Concentration
≥ 5.0 mg/ml
Endotoxin Level
< 1.0 EU/mg as determined by the LAL method
Purity
≥95% monomer by analytical SEC
>95% by SDS Page
Formulation
This monoclonal antibody is aseptically packaged and formulated in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (150 mM NaCl) PBS pH 7.2 - 7.4 with no carrier protein, potassium, calcium or preservatives added. Due to inherent biochemical properties of antibodies, certain products may be prone to precipitation over time. Precipitation may be removed by aseptic centrifugation and/or filtration.
Product Preparation
Functional grade preclinical antibodies are manufactured in an animal free facility using in vitro cell culture techniques and are purified by a multi-step process including the use of protein A or G to assure extremely low levels of endotoxins, leachable protein A or aggregates.
Storage and Handling
Functional grade preclinical antibodies may be stored sterile as received at 2-8°C for up to one month. For longer term storage, aseptically aliquot in working volumes without diluting and store at ≤ -70°C. Avoid Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles.
Country of Origin
USA
Shipping
Next Day 2-8°C
Each investigator should determine their own optimal working dilution for specific applications. See directions on lot specific datasheets, as information may periodically change.

Description

Description

Specificity
Clone 33D1 recognizes mouse DCIR2.
Background
Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells that have two functions. They scan the body collecting and processing antigen material that they present on the cell surface to T cells, and they maintain T cell tolerance to “self”. The morphology of dendritic cells is characterized by an extremely large surface-to-volume ratio. Murine splenic dendritic cells can occur in two types: myeloid (cDC) and lymphoid (pDC). Lymphoid dendritic cells produce high amounts of IFN-α and are also called Plasmacytoid dendritic cell because they have an appearance similar to plasma cells. Myeloid, or conventional dendritic cells, secrete IL-12, IL-6, TNF, and chemokines and can be further categorized into three subtypes (CD4−CD8+, CD4+CD8− and CD4−CD8−). These differ from other migratory dendritic cells such as Langerhans cells and interstitial dendritic cells that migrate from peripheral tissues to the lymph nodes. The exact nature and biological activity of the dendritic cell surface marker DCIR2 is currently unknown. DCs are known to play a role in several diseases including myeloid cancer, pDC leukemia, HIV, lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. However, it is thought that DCs may be able to control cancer progression because increased densities of DC populations have been linked with better clinical outcome. Lung cancers have been found to include four different subsets of dendritic cells; some of which can activate immune cells that can suppress tumor growth. Dendritic cells have also been shown to play a role in the success of cancer immunotherapies in experimental models. Specifically, the immune checkpoint blocker anti-PD-1 has been shown to indirectly activate DCs through IFN-γ released from drug-activated T cells. Agonizing the non-canonical NF-κB pathway also activates DCs and further enhances anti-PD-1 therapy in an IL-12-dependent manner.
Antigen Distribution
Murine DCIR2 is found on dendritic cells of the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer’s patches. DCs in the bone marrow may express DCIR2 in the presence of GM-CSF. However, this expression is notably downregulated when IL-4 is present. Furthermore, DCIR2 has been found In vivo on brain dendritic cells post infection with T. gondii.
Function
GM-CSF is reported to increase expression of 33D1 antigen on dendritic cells from bone marrow cells and IL-4 reported to down regulate the 33D1 antigen.
Research Area
Immunology

Leinco Antibody Advisor

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Clone 33D1, a monoclonal antibody targeting the dendritic cell marker DCIR2 (also known as C-type lectin domain family 4, member a4 or Clec4a4), is commonly used in vivo in mouse models for several applications:

  1. Dendritic Cell Depletion and Tracking: The primary use of clone 33D1 is to selectively deplete or track mouse DCIR2+ dendritic cells, specifically conventional type 2 dendritic cells (cDC2), in vivo. This allows researchers to investigate the role of these cells in immune responses and disease mechanisms .

  2. Immunological Studies: By targeting DCIR2, researchers can study the functions of dendritic cells in immune tolerance, antigen presentation, and the modulation of T cell responses. This is valuable for understanding how dendritic cells contribute to autoimmune diseases and inflammation .

  3. Disease Modeling: Clone 33D1 is used in models of diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), melanoma, and diabetes, where dendritic cells play a critical role in disease progression and immune response modulation .

  4. Research on Obesity and Inflammation: DCIR2-expressing dendritic cells have been implicated in diet-induced obesity and inflammation, making clone 33D1 useful for studying these conditions in mouse models .

Overall, clone 33D1 provides a powerful tool for dissecting the complex roles of dendritic cells in the immune system, offering insights into their functions and potential therapeutic targets.

In the literature, several antibodies and proteins are commonly used alongside 33D1, which targets dendritic cells, particularly conventional type 2 dendritic cells (cDC2). Here are some of these commonly used antibodies and proteins:

  • CD11c: A pan-dendritic cell marker, often used to identify dendritic cells broadly.
  • CD8α (Ly6G): A marker for cDC1, which helps differentiate between cDC1 and cDC2.
  • F4/80: Used to exclude macrophages from the population, as it is a marker for macrophages.
  • MHC class II: Utilized to confirm the antigen-presenting capability of dendritic cells.
  • B220: Excludes plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs).
  • CD45: Helps in gating leukocytes during flow cytometry.

These antibodies help in defining the specific type of dendritic cells and excluding other cell types, which is crucial for studying dendritic cell functions and their role in immune responses. The combination of these markers provides a comprehensive view of the dendritic cell population in various tissues and experimental conditions.

The key findings from scientific literature using clone 33D1 citations are:

  • Clone 33D1 specifically recognizes a mouse dendritic cell antigen now known as DCIR2 (Dendritic Cell Inhibitory Receptor 2, also called Clec4a4), a 236 amino acid protein highly expressed on conventional type 2 dendritic cells (cDC2) in the mouse.

  • 33D1 antibody provides a reliable and specific marker for murine dendritic cells in tissues such as spleen, lymph node, thymus, and Peyer’s patch. It binds to approximately 14,000 sites per dendritic cell and does not cross-react with macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes, platelets, or erythroid cells.

  • Functional studies using 33D1 have demonstrated its utility in selectively depleting dendritic cells in vivo and in vitro, allowing analysis of dendritic cell function in immune responses. Complement-mediated killing with 33D1 specifically removes DCs, resulting in ablated T cell responses in mixed leukocyte reactions.

  • DCIR2/33D1+ dendritic cells are involved in antigen presentation, regulation of T cell priming, and modulation of immune responses. Removal or depletion of these cells has been shown to suppress both the proliferation and cytotoxic capacity of T cells.

  • Recent work identifies DCIR2+ DCs (33D1+ cells) as regulators of autoimmunity, inflammation, and metabolic pathways, and their presence can ameliorate inflammation in disease models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, melanoma, and diabetes in mice.

  • The molecular and biological functions of the DCIR2/33D1 antigen are still under investigation, but its role in immune cell communication, especially suppression of autoimmunity and T cell priming, is increasingly recognized.

  • Clone 33D1 has become a widely adopted reagent for both basic and disease model research concerning dendritic cell function, subset identification, and cell depletion in murine systems.

These findings establish clone 33D1 as an essential tool for immunological studies focused on dendritic cell biology, immune regulation, and related disease mechanisms.

Dosing regimens for clone 33D1 (anti-mouse DCIR2 antibody) vary depending on the mouse model and experimental goal, but several established protocols provide guidance:

  • In BALB/c mice, a common regimen for depleting 33D1+ dendritic cells involves intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.5 mg (500 µg) purified anti-33D1 mAb daily for 3 consecutive days, followed by weekly booster injections for up to 5 weeks to maintain depletion over extended periods. This approach enables near-complete and sustained removal of 33D1+ DCs from the spleen.

  • When using single-dose strategies in other experimental settings, some studies have used 100 µg per mouse i.p., administered 48 hours before analysis or additional interventions. This is typically for acute effects or shorter depletion windows.

  • According to general antibody dosing overviews for mouse models (while not 33D1-specific), doses in the range of 100–500 µg per mouse i.p. are common for in vivo monoclonal antibody experiments, with dosing frequency adapted to the antibody's half-life and experimental timeline.

Model-specific considerations:

  • In allergic airway (AR) models, weekly boosting after the initial triple dose is necessary for continuous depletion, especially because adjuvants like alum/OVA can partially sustain 33D1+ DC numbers even under antibody pressure.
  • Different mouse strains or disease models may require slight adjustments to regimen, but the above dosing schemes are widely referenced in immunology literature.

Summary Table: 33D1 Dosing Regimens in Mouse Models

Mouse ModelDose per InjectionRouteFrequencyPurposeReference
BALB/c (general)500 µgIntraperitoneal3 consecutive days + weeklyDepletion
Allergic airway500 µgIntraperitoneal3 days + weekly boostersDepletion
Acute depletion100 µgIntraperitonealSingle dose, 48h before assayDepletion

Key points:

  • Sustained depletion requires initial multi-day dosing plus weekly maintenance.
  • Acute depletion may use a single dose 1–2 days before endpoint assessment.
  • Adjuvants (e.g., alum) may reduce depletion efficacy, requiring regimen adjustment.
  • Dosing can be adapted for other strains, but 100–500 µg/mouse i.p. is the common range.

If you need dosing protocols for a specific mouse strain or unique disease model, please specify, as some regimens may require further adjustment.

References & Citations

Steinman, R. M. et al. (1982) Pro. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:161 Steinman, R. M. et al. (1983) J. Exp. Med. 157:613 Nussenzweig et al. 1982. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 79(1):161-5. PMID: 6948298.
in vivo Protocol
General Western Blot Protocol

Certificate of Analysis

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Formats Available

Disclaimer AlertProducts are for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.