Anti-Mouse CD122 (IL-2Rβ) – Purified in vivo GOLD™ Functional Grade

Clone TM-β1 (TM-?1) is a monoclonal antibody targeting mouse CD122 (IL-2/IL-15 receptor β chain) and is extensively used in in vivo mouse studies to block signaling through the IL-2 and IL-15 pathways.

This blockade is strategically employed to:

• Inhibit IL-2– and IL-15–driven immune responses. By targeting CD122, TM-β1 prevents IL-2 and IL-15 from binding to their receptor, thereby suppressing associated signaling cascades in T cells and NK cells.
• Deplete CD122-expressing NK cells. TM-β1 has also been shown to selectively reduce populations of NK cells which express CD122, allowing for investigations into the role of NK cells or IL-2/IL-15–mediated immune functions.
• Modulate immune activity in various disease models. Researchers use TM-β1 in models of autoimmunity, cancer immunotherapy, and transplantation to dissect the contributions of IL-2/IL-15 signaling to disease progression, immune tolerance, or effector responses.

Key details:

• TM-β1 is typically administered as a purified monoclonal antibody in vivo for functional studies in mice.
• Blocking CD122 is an established approach for manipulating immune subsets, testing hypotheses on cytokine dependency, and probing mechanisms of immune regulation in numerous experimental settings.

In summary, clone TM-β1 is a functional tool for in vivo immunological studies, enabling precise blocking of IL-2/IL-15 signaling and depletion of target immune cells, with widespread utility in mouse models of immunology and therapy research.

Commonly used antibodies or proteins that are co-used with TM-?1 (assuming you refer to a transmembrane protein such as TMEM family proteins, or a generic "TM-1" antibody) in the literature typically depend on the application and biological context, but several categories are prevalent:

• Antibodies against cell-type markers: These include antibodies against common transmembrane or cytoplasmic markers to identify sample composition or serve as controls. For immune cells and tissues, this includes CD markers (e.g., CD20, CD3, CD4, CD8). For epithelial or stem cells, cytokeratins or pluripotency markers are frequent.

• Other monoclonal antibodies targeting protein-protein interactions: When studying transmembrane proteins, it is common to use antibodies that recognize protein interaction partners or components of the signaling pathway, such as PD-1/PD-L1, EGFR, HER2, or integrins.

• Isotype controls and secondary antibodies: Secondary antibodies specific to the host species of the primary antibody are universally used in immunoassays (e.g., anti-mouse IgG, anti-rabbit IgG) as detection reagents and validation controls.

• Antibodies or proteins for distinguishing modifications or conformational states:

  • Antibodies against post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation, glycosylation, nitration, homocysteinylation) are often used to assess functionality or signaling states.
  • For engineered antibodies or protein constructs (bsAbs, nanobodies), tags like Fc, Fab fragments, or histidine-tagged proteins are frequently detected using specific antibodies against these domains.

• Housekeeping protein antibodies: Antibodies targeting proteins like β-actin, GAPDH, or tubulin are often used as loading controls in Western blotting.

Example combinations:

• In immune-oncology, studies of transmembrane targets like PD-L1 frequently use anti-PD-L1 with anti-CD3 or anti-CD8 to study immune contexture.
• For bispecific antibody development, structural domains like IgG1 Fc, Fab, or specific light/heavy chains are detected alongside the transmembrane target protein.

If you have a specific TM-?1 protein or context in mind, please clarify, as the most appropriate co-validated antibodies can be highly context-dependent. The examples above reflect the general literature trends for transmembrane and antibody studies.

There seems to be a lack of clear information about "clone TM-?1" in the scientific literature provided. However, I can clarify findings related to Tm-1 and a monoclonal antibody called Clone TMβ1.

Tm-1 Findings:

• Tm-1 is a gene that encodes a protein in plants, specifically in tomatoes, which inhibits the replication of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). This protein binds to and hinders the functioning of ToMV replication proteins, particularly by affecting their interaction with membranes before the formation of replication complexes.
• The inhibition occurs at a step after the translation of ToMV RNA and before the formation of replication complexes on the membranes.

Clone TMβ1 (Anti-Mouse CD122):

• Clone TMβ1 is a monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-2/IL-15 receptor (CD122 or IL-2Rβ). It is used as an in vivo research tool in immunology.

There is no specific detailed citation analysis or set of findings directly associated with "clone TM-?1" in the provided search results. If you are looking for specific aspects of these clones, further clarification might help in providing a more precise answer.

Dosing Regimens of Clone TM-β1 (Anti-CD122, IL-2Rβ) in Mouse Models

Clone TM-β1 (often referred to as "TM-β1," but sometimes written as "TM-?1" due to typographical ambiguity) is a monoclonal antibody targeting the CD122 chain of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2Rβ) and is used in immunology research to deplete or block specific immune cell populations, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) or natural killer (NK) cells, in mouse models.

Variation Across Mouse Models

• Disease and Model Context: Dosing regimens for TM-β1 are not rigidly standardized and primarily vary by mouse strain and disease context. This means the dose, timing, and frequency must be tailored to the specific experimental model, such as tumor models, autoimmune disease models, or humanized mouse engraftment studies.
• Humanized Mouse Models: A well-defined dosing regimen is established for NOD-SCID mice in the context of humanized mouse studies. In these models, TM-β1 is commonly administered as a single 1 mg dose 24 hours before human peripheral blood lymphocyte (Hu-PBL) engraftment to deplete murine NK cells, thereby enhancing engraftment of human cells. This specific protocol is critical for successful engraftment in immuno-oncology and immunology experiments.
• Other Mouse Strains and Contexts: For standard non-humanized strains (e.g., C57BL/6, BALB/c), dosing can vary. Some protocols may use repeated doses (e.g., 100–200 µg, every 3–5 days), while others may use a single bolus, depending on the target population and desired depletion kinetics. However, detailed, peer-reviewed dosing schedules for these contexts are less commonly reported and often must be optimized empirically.
• Frequency and Administration Route: While the intraperitoneal (IP) route is most common in mouse models, the frequency (single vs. multiple doses) and exact dosage depend on the experimental endpoint—whether the goal is transient NK cell depletion, long-term immune modulation, or enhancing xenograft survival.

Summary Table

Key Points

• No universal regimen exists across all mouse models—dosing must be tailored to the strain, disease model, and experimental objective.
• For humanized mouse studies using NOD-SCID mice, a single 1 mg dose prior to engraftment is standard.
• For other models, dosing is less standardized and should be optimized through pilot experiments.
• Always consult recent literature and pilot data for your specific model, as even minor protocol differences can impact engraftment, depletion kinetics, and experimental outcomes.

In summary, while TM-β1 is a valuable tool for immune cell depletion in mice, its dosing regimen is highly dependent on the specific model and experimental goals. Researchers should carefully optimize and validate their protocol based on the available literature and preliminary data for their particular application.