Anti-Mouse CD90 (Thy-1) (Clone HK2.1) – Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Common In Vivo Applications of Clone HK2.1 in Mice

Clone HK2.1 is a highly specific monoclonal antibody targeting the non-polymorphic determinant of mouse CD90 (Thy-1), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein expressed on thymocytes, peripheral T cells, myoblasts, epidermal cells, and keratinocytes. Its in vivo utility is primarily due to its ultra-low endotoxin formulation, which is critical for experiments where antibody administration could otherwise trigger inflammatory responses.

Primary In Vivo Uses

• T Cell and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Depletion: HK2.1 is widely utilized for depleting specific immune cell populations in mice, particularly thymocytes and peripheral T cells, to study immune system function, transplantation, and immune tolerance. Depletion of CD90+ cells can help elucidate the roles of these cells in various physiological and pathological contexts.
• Stem Cell Marker and Isolation: CD90 is a well-established marker for hematopoietic stem cells and other stem cell populations. HK2.1 can be used in vivo to label, track, or isolate these stem cells for functional studies, including differentiation and homing.
• Cell Adhesion and Neurite Outgrowth Studies: Since CD90 mediates cell adhesion (e.g., thymocytes to thymic stroma) and is involved in neurite outgrowth, HK2.1 can be employed to investigate these processes in living animals, particularly in neurobiology and developmental biology research.

Technical Details

• Antibody Format: HK2.1 is available as a functional-grade, ultra-low endotoxin monoclonal antibody, making it suitable for direct in vivo injection without significant risk of endotoxin-induced toxicity.
• Specificity: Recognizes both Thy1.1 and Thy1.2 alloantigens, covering the major CD90 variants in mice.
• Administration: Typically administered intravenously or intraperitoneally, with dosage and frequency adjusted based on the experimental design and target cell population.

Complementary Applications

While not a direct application of HK2.1, methods like CLoNe (which uses cell-type-specific Cre and plasmid vectors) can be combined with antibody-based approaches to target and manipulate specific progenitor populations in vivo, although CLoNe itself relies on genetic rather than antibody-based targeting.

Summary Table: Key In Vivo Applications of Clone HK2.1

Conclusion

Clone HK2.1 is a versatile tool for in vivo studies in mice, principally for immune cell depletion, stem cell research, and investigations into cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth, owing to its high specificity, functional-grade formulation, and broad reactivity with CD90/Thy-1 variants. Its use is particularly valued in immunology, stem cell biology, and neurobiology research.

Commonly used antibodies and proteins in the literature with HK2.1 (an anti-mouse CD90/Thy1 antibody) include other stem cell and immune markers such as CD34, CD45, and proteins involved in signal transduction or cell surface identification.

Supporting Details and Context:

• HK2.1 (anti-mouse CD90/Thy1) is frequently paired with antibodies against CD34 to identify stem cell populations, especially hematopoietic stem cells.
• CD45 is mentioned as interacting with CD90 in signal transduction processes and often appears alongside CD90 markers in immunophenotyping panels.
• In neuronal studies, CD90 is used along with markers for axonal processes of mature neurons, sometimes including neurofilament or β2/β3 integrins.
• In flow cytometry, CD90 can be combined with other lineage markers to distinguish specific cell populations (e.g., T cells, stem cells).

Other Common Antibodies with HK2 and hK2 Studies:If your question refers to Hexokinase 2 (HK2) or human Kallikrein 2 (hK2), these proteins are often studied with:

• HK1 (Hexokinase 1): Frequently analyzed for differential expression or functional substitution, especially in metabolic or synthetic lethality studies.
• PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen): PSA is evaluated alongside hK2 in prostate cancer biomarker research.
• β-actin/GAPDH: Used as loading controls in western blots with HK2.
• T cell or cancer markers: When targeting hK2 with therapeutic antibodies, researchers may also use markers for tumor cell characterization.

Summary Table:

Clarification:

• If you meant HK2.1 (anti-CD90/Thy1): Most frequently paired with CD34, CD45, and neuron/stem cell markers.
• If you meant HK2 (Hexokinase 2) or hK2 (human Kallikrein 2): Commonly paired with HK1, PSA, and loading controls.

If you need details for a specific application (e.g., flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry), please specify for a more targeted answer.

Clone HK2.1 is a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes mouse CD90 (Thy-1), a cell surface marker with important roles in various biological processes. Based on the available information, here are the key characteristics and applications of this clone:

Specificity and Recognition

Clone HK2.1 recognizes a non-polymorphic determinant on mouse CD90, meaning it binds to both Thy1.1 and Thy1.2 alloantigens regardless of their allelic differences. This broad recognition makes it a versatile tool for studying CD90 across different mouse strains.

Target Molecule Properties

CD90 is a 28-30 kD GPI-linked membrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The protein plays several critical roles in cellular signaling and adhesion. It interacts with CD45 in signal transduction pathways and mediates the adhesion of thymocytes to thymic stroma. Additionally, CD90 binds with β2 and β3 integrins and is involved in regulating hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as controlling cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth.

Research Applications

Clone HK2.1 serves as a valuable marker for identifying various stem cell populations, particularly hematopoietic stem cells, and for detecting axonal processes of mature neurons. In flow cytometry applications, CD90 is frequently used as a surface marker for stem cells when combined with other markers such as CD34. The two mouse CD90 alleles differ by only one amino acid at position 108, where CD90.1 (Thy1.1) contains arginine and CD90.2 (Thy1.2) contains glutamine.

The antibody is available in multiple formats including PerCP conjugates and purified functional grades suitable for in vivo applications, formulated in phosphate-buffered saline with appropriate preservatives.

Published sources do not provide standardized or widely adopted dosing regimens for clone HK2.1 (anti-mouse CD90/Thy1) across mouse models. Manufacturers and antibody suppliers recommend consulting lot-specific datasheets for the most current dosing information, indicating that dosing regimens can vary based on experimental context, mouse strain, and application (e.g., depletion, blocking, detection).

Key details and supporting context:

• Manufacturer guidance: Leinco Technologies, a supplier of clone HK2.1, states that data on dosing regimens are not universally available and that users should refer to current datasheets for guidance.
• Variation by mouse model and experiment: Differences in dosing protocols are expected depending on:
  • Mouse strain (e.g., C57BL/6 vs. BALB/c)
  • Study purpose (gating, depletion, blocking, or in vivo functional studies)
  • Target tissue or cell type (hematopoietic stem cells, neurons, or T cells)
  • Route of administration (generally intraperitoneal for most antibodies in mice, but could vary)
  • Frequency and duration of dosing, tailored to the antibody’s pharmacokinetics and the desired experimental outcome.
• No published standard regimens: Unlike widely used depleting or blocking antibodies (e.g., anti-CD4 GK1.5 or anti-PD-1 RMP1-14), for which dose and schedule guidelines are published, similar standardized references are not available for HK2.1 based on current search results.

Recommended approach:

• Check lot-specific datasheets: Since the manufacturer’s datasheet is the only authoritative and regularly updated source, consult the datasheet provided with your antibody lot for suggested concentrations, dosing intervals, and application-specific guidance.
• Pilot studies: If no specific recommendation is found, researchers typically perform titration or pilot dosing in a small group of mice to determine efficacy and threshold for desired in vivo effect (e.g., cell depletion, blockade).
• Comparison with other reagents: Dosing for similar anti-mouse antibodies (e.g., 100–250 μg/mouse per injection, intraperitoneally, every 2–4 days) in immunological models can serve as an initial reference, with adjustments based on pilot data and results.

No direct, peer-reviewed publications or databases currently compile a range of dosing regimens for clone HK2.1 across different mouse models.