Anti-Mouse IFNγ [Clone XMG1.2] — Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

Clone XMG1.2 is a widely used rat monoclonal antibody that specifically targets mouse interferon-gamma (IFN-?) and is used in vivo mouse studies primarily to neutralize (block) IFN-? activity during immune responses. It is also employed ex vivo or in vitro for detection by flow cytometry and other immunoassays, but its main in vivo use is as a neutralizing antibody.

Key in vivo applications in mouse studies:

• Neutralization of mouse IFN-?: XMG1.2 is administered to mice to block the biological activity of IFN-?, thereby allowing researchers to study the role of this cytokine in infections, autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and inflammatory responses.

  • Researchers inject the antibody (either as standard rat IgG or as a recombinant mouse chimeric form) systemically, typically via intraperitoneal or intravenous routes.
  • XMG1.2 has been used to define functional consequences of IFN-? blockade, such as modulating macrophage activity, T-cell differentiation, immune cell trafficking, and the course of infectious disease.

• Chimeric versions for in vivo use: Recombinant and chimeric versions (e.g., mouse IgG1, ?) are available to reduce immune reactions (anti-drug antibody responses) in mice, ensuring better efficacy and tolerance of the antibody during prolonged studies.

• Experimental read-outs: After IFN-? blocking with XMG1.2, typical outcomes measured include changes in cytokine profiles, immune cell populations, disease severity, or pathogen loads, depending on the disease model.

Important properties:

• XMG1.2 is a neutralizing antibody—it binds IFN-? and prevents receptor interactions, thus inhibiting downstream signaling.
• Also used in ex vivo applications for detecting intracellular IFN-? by flow cytometry (note: detection studies use fixed/permeabilized cells, not living mice).

Summary Table: Main in vivo applications of clone XMG1.2

When describing use in published studies, researchers often simply state that "XMG1.2 was administered to neutralize IFN-? in vivo" and provide dosing/time course details as appropriate.

For highly sensitive in vivo work, researchers may select Ultra-LEAF™ or low-endotoxin XMG1.2 preparations to minimize background immune activation unrelated to IFN-? specificity.

In summary, clone XMG1.2’s principal role in in vivo mouse studies is as a tool to block IFN-? activity, thereby revealing the cytokine’s critical functions in various immunological and pathological contexts.

The correct storage temperature for sterile packaged clone XMG1.2 depends on its formulation and conjugation:

• For fluorochrome-conjugated XMG1.2 antibodies (such as Alexa Fluor® 488 or APC), store at 2-8°C (refrigerated), protected from light, and do NOT freeze.
• For lyophilized (freeze-dried) XMG1.2 antibody, store desiccated at -20°C to -70°C for long-term storage; after reconstitution, store at 2-8°C for up to four weeks or aliquot and store at -20°C to -70°C for long-term.

Always check the specific product datasheet or manufacturer instructions for your particular formulation. Most commonly used conjugated XMG1.2 (such as for flow cytometry) require storage at 2-8°C and must not be frozen due to risk of losing activity or damaging the fluorochrome.

The search results provided focus primarily on the XMG1.2 antibody itself and its technical specifications, but don't contain detailed information about other antibodies or proteins commonly used alongside XMG1.2 in research applications. However, I can provide some context about what types of reagents are typically used with this antibody based on its applications and target.

Applications and Related Research Context

XMG1.2 is extensively used across multiple experimental techniques including flow cytometry, ELISA, ELISpot, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and neutralization assays. This broad applicability suggests it's commonly paired with various detection and analysis reagents.

Likely Co-used Reagents Based on Applications

Detection Systems: Given that XMG1.2 is available in multiple conjugated forms including biotin and Alexa Fluor 647, it's commonly used with streptavidin-based detection systems for biotin conjugates and appropriate laser/filter combinations for fluorescent conjugates in flow cytometry applications.

Isotype Controls: The antibody specifications indicate specific isotype controls are recommended, including Rat IgG1-BIOT and Rat IgG1-AF647, which are essential for proper experimental controls.

Neutralization Studies: Since XMG1.2 is described as a neutralizing antibody, it's likely used in functional studies examining IFN-? biological activity, potentially alongside other cytokine measurements or cellular activation markers.

Biological Context

The antibody targets mouse IFN-?, which plays crucial roles in immune regulation and is produced by activated lymphocytes including T cells, B cells, NK cells, and innate lymphoid cells. This suggests XMG1.2 is commonly used in studies examining immune cell activation, cytokine production, and inflammatory responses.

Unfortunately, the search results don't provide specific information about other antibodies frequently cited alongside XMG1.2 in the literature, which would require accessing actual research publications that use this antibody.

Clone XMG1.2 is a widely cited rat monoclonal antibody specific for mouse interferon-gamma (IFN-?), used predominantly for its highly specific detection and neutralization capabilities in immunological research.

Key Findings from XMG1.2 Citations:

• ELISA and Flow Cytometry Detection: XMG1.2 is extensively employed in ELISA and flow cytometry to quantify and visualize intracellular IFN-? production, especially in studies characterizing Th1/Th2 cell differentiation and cytokine expression profiles. It is recognized for its high specificity, as shown by experiments where staining is blocked by pre-incubation with unlabeled XMG1.2, confirming antibody specificity.

• Functional Assays and Neutralization: XMG1.2 is used not only for cytokine detection but also in functional neutralization studies, allowing direct assessment of IFN-?'s biological role, including modulation of immune responses, inflammatory processes, and disease progression in models such as autoimmune and neuroinflammatory diseases.

• Discriminating Th1 and Th2 Responses: In seminal studies, XMG1.2 facilitated the clear identification of Th1 versus Th2 murine T cell clones, revealing that only Th1 cells express IFN-?, and was pivotal in showing reliable correlation between secreted IFN-? protein and corresponding mRNA in T cell lines.

• Role in Disease Models and Therapeutic Insights: Use of XMG1.2 for IFN-? neutralization in mouse models has yielded evidence for an important role of IFN-? in neuroinflammation and demyelination, providing proof-of-concept that IFN-? targeting may represent a disease-modifying strategy in conditions such as multiple system atrophy (MSA). Such neutralization studies underscore the cytokine's centrality in immune-mediated pathology.

• IFN-? Biology: Findings from XMG1.2 studies have defined IFN-? as a pleiotropic cytokine critical for immune regulation, up-regulation of MHC molecules, macrophage activation, and modulation of various lymphocyte functions. XMG1.2-based research clarified the cytokine's broad cellular sources and diverse effects on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells.

Summary Table: Main Uses and Findings with XMG1.2