Anti-Mouse CD86 (Clone GL1) – Purified in vivo PLATINUM™ Functional Grade

In vivo mouse studies utilize clone GL1, a rat monoclonal antibody targeting mouse CD86 (B7-2), primarily to block the costimulatory signaling necessary for T cell activation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) priming.

Key uses include:

• Blocking CD86-mediated costimulation: GL1 is widely employed to interfere with the interaction between CD86 on antigen-presenting cells and its T cell ligands (CD28, CTLA-4), inhibiting T cell activation and immune responses such as mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).
• Inhibiting in vivo CTL priming: Administration of GL1, often alongside anti-CD80 (B7-1) antibodies, prevents the in vivo priming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by impeding the required costimulatory signals during immune activation.
• Functional blocking in various immune response models: The antibody is used in in vivo functional assays (endotoxin-low, azide-free preparations preferred) to study the effects of CD86 blockade on immune responses, including tolerance induction, autoimmunity, and transplantation models.

Additional contexts:

• Immunohistochemistry and Flow Cytometry: In vivo, GL1 has also been used for identifying and quantifying CD86+ cells by immunofluorescence or flow cytometry in tissue samples or blood, supporting studies on immune cell activation states.
• Memory T cell studies: Since memory CD4+ T cells constitutively express B7-2, GL1 enables investigation of costimulatory molecule roles in memory responses.

The ability of GL1 to specifically block CD86 interactions in vivo provides a powerful tool for dissecting the mechanisms of T cell activation, tolerance, and effector function in mouse models.

The correct storage temperature for sterile packaged clone GL1 (assuming this refers to a GLP-1 drug or similar biological medication) is between 2°C and 8°C (36°F to 46°F), and it must not be frozen.

GLP-1 drugs and related biological products are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Storage outside the recommended range can degrade the product, reduce its effectiveness, and pose safety risks. Unopened packages should always be kept in a refrigerator, away from evaporator fans and direct contact with freezer elements to prevent accidental freezing. If the product is in use and the manufacturer's instructions permit, temporary room temperature storage (below 30°C/86°F) may be allowed, but only for limited durations.

Additional best practices include:

• Avoid freezing at all times, as frozen product should not be used.
• Maintain controlled documentation and monitoring for compliance and safety.
• Store in a secure location, away from children and out of direct sunlight.

If "clone GL1" refers to a product other than a GLP-1 receptor agonist, check the specific manufacturer's label, but for GLP-1 analogs, 2°C–8°C storage is the norm.

Some of the commonly used antibodies and proteins in studies with GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) include various agonists, antagonists, and fusion constructs, as well as antibodies for receptor detection and functional modulation.

Commonly used antibodies or proteins seen with GLP-1R:

• Exendin-(9-39): A widely used antagonist peptide that inhibits GLP-1R-mediated insulin secretion and is a benchmark for testing the activity of novel antibodies or antagonists.
• Commercial GLP-1R antibodies (e.g., MAB2814): Used for receptor detection and inhibition but often noted for weak inhibition compared to engineered antagonists.
• Functional GLP-1R antibodies: Both antagonistic and agonistic antibodies have been described, often generated using phage display or synthetic GPCR-focused libraries. These include antibodies with engineered CDR sequences conferring GLP-1 or GLP-2 motifs for specificity.
• GLP-1 peptide analogs: Drugs like liraglutide, dulaglutide, and semaglutide are GLP-1 analogs with extended half-lives, used as positive controls or comparators in receptor activation studies.
• GLP-1 peptide fusions: Some studies have created agonistic antibodies by fusing GLP-1 peptide to antibody light chains, enabling both receptor recognition and activation.
• Other GLP-1R agonists (e.g. glucagon): Tested for cross-reactivity and specificity against different antibodies for receptor pharmacology studies.
• Anti-PCSK9 antibodies: Used in fusion protein engineering to create molecules (e.g., MEDI4166) that combine the properties of long-acting GLP-1 agonists and antibody-mediated inhibition for multitarget effects.

These proteins and antibodies are typically used to probe GLP-1R pharmacology, signaling, tissue distribution, and therapeutic potential, each with varying specificity and mode of action.

If you were referring instead to a protein named GL1 (rather than GLP-1 or GLP-1R), please clarify, as the antibodies/protein partners listed above are those commonly described with GLP-1 receptor in recent biomedical literature.

The key findings from scientific literature citing clone GL1 primarily relate to the engineering, characterization, and application of genetically optimized clones for the production and study of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) analogues, mostly in the context of diabetes therapy.

Key findings include:

• Enhanced Production Yields and Bio-efficacy: Recent studies have engineered high-throughput GLP-1 clones for industrial-scale production, significantly improving peptide yields (up to 170–190 mg/L in E. coli BL21 DE3). This was achieved by optimizing plasmid constructs with fusion tags and employing conjugation strategies (e.g., linking GLP-1 to fatty acids like n-palmitoyl glutamic acid) to enhance in vivo stability and biological activity.

• Therapeutic Applications: GLP-1 and its analogues produced using engineered clones are recognized as vital new treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus due to their abilities to stimulate insulin secretion, regulate blood glucose, and protect pancreatic ?-cells. The main challenge addressed by these studies is the short plasma half-life of native GLP-1, which is overcome through molecular engineering for longer-lasting analogues.

• Cloning Strategies and Expression Systems: Advances include use of N-terminal fusions (thioredoxin tag, enterokinase cleavage site) and host systems like E. coli and CHO-S cells for efficient gene expression and high-yield purification of recombinant GLP-1 analogues. Some studies also describe glycosylation strategies (hyperglycosylated fragments) for further improving stability and glycemic efficacy.

• Biological Activity Validation: GLP-1 analogues produced from these clones demonstrate robust biological activity, such as increased cAMP generation and enhanced gene expression leading to greater insulinotropic effects in cell-based assays.

Broader scientific context:

• These engineered GLP-1 clones and their analogues are central to ongoing research and commercial development of next-generation diabetes drugs, as GLP-1 receptor agonists have become first-line agents for both glycemic control and weight reduction in type 2 diabetes.

Summary Table: Key Aspects of GLP-1 Clone Findings

The most recent and detailed findings specifically discuss optimization of GLP-1 clone design for industrial production and clinical application with rigorous validation of the biological activity of the engineered peptides.